lec 1 biological diversity

Question 1

what is a cell?

Answer 1

basic unit of life

tiny, self-contained units, make up all living organisms

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

group of interacting individuals of a single species located within a particular area

Question 3

Divergent evolution

Answer 3

one species, or closely related species, acquire enough variations in their traits, leads to two distinct new species

Question 4

what is the concept of homeostasis

Answer 4

maintaining internal conditions

all losses for cell MUST = all gains

Question 5

Community

Answer 5

association of populations of different species that live in the same area

Question 6

what are convergent characteristics?

Answer 6

shared features NOT from common ancestor

Question 7

What are Angiosperms? What do they do?

Answer 7

first flowers (defining feature)

flower used for pollination (sexual reproduction)

Question 8

Species

Answer 8

group of interbreeding organisms, produce fertile offspring

Question 9

What is Systematics?

Answer 9

science of naming+classifying organisms and determining their relationships

Question 10

What are Gymnosperms? What do they do?

Answer 10

first plants to evolve seeds

seeds incase plant embryos+provide nutrients

Question 11

what are the shared characteristics of life?

6 pts

Answer 11

living organisms…

-composed of cells
-reproduce using DNA
-take energy from environment
-adapt to environment
-maintain internal conditions
-evolve as groups

Question 12

How do plants gain energy? Animals?

Answer 12

plants: energy from sun for photosynthesis

animals: consuming organisms

Question 13

what is evolution?

Answer 13

change in characteristics of species over time

Question 14

what is the concept of energy flow? How does energy flow on earth? What is an important producer?

Answer 14

energy created by producers + used by consumers

sun–> producers –> consumers

Plants

Question 15

How is an evolutionary tree organized?

Answer 15

descendants at tips of branches, traced back to common ancestor

Question 16

What is the concept of a common ancestor? What can it result in?

Answer 16

all living things evolved from common ancestor

results in some shared features

Question 17

What are shared derived features? What are the used for?

Answer 17

shared characteristics derived from common ancestor

determine evolutionary relationships

Question 18

What are the seven classifications used in the Linnaean Hierarchy. in what order are they organized?

Answer 18

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

organized from biggest –> smallest
(remember with King Philip Cleaned Our Filthy Gym Shorts)

Question 19

How are species named in Linnaean Hierarchy?

Answer 19

two-part latin name

Question 20

What is a domain?

Answer 20

Level higher than kingdom, describes basic division of organisms

Question 21

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 21

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 22

What are the 6 kingdoms?

Answer 22

Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia

Question 23

What does each kingdom pertain to?

Answer 23

Bacteria
* Prokaryotic; first to evolve from common ancestor; some disease causing

Archaea
* Prokaryotic; survive extreme environments

Protista
* Primitive, reps early stage evolution of multicellularity, oldest eukaryotic kingdom

Plantae
* Multicellular, photosynthesis

Fungi
* mushroom-producing species, molds, yeasts, key decomposers

Animalia
* multicellular organisms. Evolved tissues, organs and organ systems, complex behaviors

Question 24

What is it called when a prokaryote can live in the presence of oxygen ? Without oxygen?

Answer 24

Aerobe

Anaerobe

Question 25

How do prokaryotes obtain energy?

Answer 25

-consuming organisms -consume carbon-containing compounds -photosynthesis -from iron or ammonia

Question 26

What are 2 things every organism needs to survive?

Answer 26

source of energy + source of carbon

Question 27

What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 27

Prokaryotes have no organelles, eukaryotes do

Question 28

What else did angiosperms evolve? What is the use?

Answer 28

Fruit attracts animals, animals eat+dispurse seeds

Question 29

What are the 3 main structures of an angiosperm and what are their purposes?

Answer 29

stamen- male reproductive system (makes pollen, pollen makes sperm) carpel- female reproductive system (stigma adheres pollen) ovary- has ovule, makes female gamete (seed) (can develop into fruit)

Question 30

How do fungi obtain nutrients? How do they reproduce?

Answer 30

digest food externally, then absorb nutrients spores are reproductive cells reproduce by matiry types (NOT M/F)

Question 31

What are tissues

Answer 31

collection of cells with specific function

Question 32

What is an organ

Answer 32

body parts composed of multiple tissues, perform specific task

Question 33

what is an organ system

Answer 33

collection of organs, perform specialized task

Question 34

What are the 2 lineages of development with respect to body cavity? What do they mean?

Answer 34

Protostomes- mouth forms first Deuterostomes- anus forms first

Question 35

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 35

community of organisms+ their physical environment