lec 3 cell structure and function

Question 1

Name 2 things that can diffuse through the plasma membrane and why

Answer 1

water - polar, small
oxygen, non polar

Question 2

Name 3 things that can not diffuse through the plasma membrane and why

Answer 2

amino acid - polar, large
glucose - polar large
ions -charged

Question 3

describe plasma membrane, what does it permability depend on?

Answer 3

semipermeable phospholipid bilayer that defines the cell boundary
permeability depends on the proteins it has

Question 4

lack internal membrane bound compartments including nucleus

Answer 4

prokaryotic cell

Question 5

what is larger prokaryotic cell or eukaryotes

Answer 5

eukaryotes

Question 6

all of the compoents of a cell minus the nucleus

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

cytosol

Answer 7

all of the contents of a cell minus all organelles

Question 8

where are proteins and lipids made

Answer 8

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

what are 2 types of ER

Answer 9

rough, smooth

Question 10

what is rough ER

Answer 10

ribosomes stud surface

Question 11

what do ribosomes do

Answer 11

maufactue proteins that are to be shuttled around the cell

Question 12

what does smooth ER do

Answer 12

connected to rough ER
lacks ribosomes
marks portions of the ER where vesicles bud off

Question 13

what are vesicles?

Answer 13

bud off from smooth ER, transport proteins+lipids out of ER

Question 14

what does golgi apparatus do

Answer 14

directs proteins and lipids produced by ER to their final destination

Question 15

what does the golgi apparatus look like? what surrounds it?

Answer 15

series of flattened membrane sacs surrounded by many small vesicles

vesicles travel b/w sacs

Question 16

vesicles than contain enzymes used to break down sugars, proteins and fats

Answer 16

lysosomes

Question 17

vacuoles

Answer 17

similar to lysosomes (breakdown unwanted macros)

water+nutrient storage
found only in plants and fungi

Question 18

what do mitochondria do

Answer 18

power house
break down sugar and make ATP

Question 19

what is cellular respiration

Answer 19

break down sugar and make ATP

Question 20

cell found only in plants, what special cell does this organelle contain?

Answer 20

chloroplast

Thylakoids: contain chlorophyll which makes them green

Question 21

what do chloroplasts do?

Answer 21

photosynthesis

Question 22

what is photosynthesis? what does it use during the process? what is a waste product?

Answer 22

capture energy from sun to produce sugar
use CO2 and water in process
O2 is waste product

Question 23

what are microtubules and where are they found

Answer 23

polymers of tubulin (protein)
found in cytoskeleton

Question 24

maintains cell shape and oranelle distribution

Answer 24

cytokeleton

Question 25

explain pseudopedia

Answer 25

'false feet': flattened sheets of plasma membrane extended by actin filament

Question 26

characteristics of a prokaryote and examples

Answer 26

-Smaller; unicellular -NO membrane-bound organelles -NO nucleus -plasma membrane and cell wall -DNA is naked Examples: Bacteria and archaea

Question 27

characteristics of a eukaryote and examples

Answer 27

-Larger; multi- or unicellular -Membrane-bound organelles -Has nucleus -All have plasma membrane, some have cell wall (plants) -DNA bound to proteins Examples: Animal, plant, protist, and fungi cells

Question 28

what is the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 28

lateral movement of membrane components membrane flexible and fluid

Question 29

what are organelles

Answer 29

cytoplasmic structure with a specific function

Question 30

what is the function of the nucleus? What is the nuclear envelope? What is found on the nuclear envelope, what's their function?

Answer 30

contains DNA nuclear envelope: double membrane, has nuclear pores nuclear pores: allow molecules in/out of nucleus

Question 31

Why is DNA packed on protiens?

Answer 31

DNA packed tightly on proteins to conserve physical space

Question 32

What is lumen?

Answer 32

internal space of ER

Question 33

What is the ER connected to?

Answer 33

Nuclear envelope

Question 34

What is the function of both bound (inside) and free (outside) ribosomes | what do they make, where do the products go

Answer 34

bound ribosomes: make proteins to travel to other organelles free ribosomes: make proteins which stay in the cytosol

Question 35

outline the journey of vesicles starting from the smooth ER

Answer 35

Smooth ER--> Golgi apparatus (contents of vesicle modified) --> destination

Question 36

How do lysosomes receive molecules? What is notable about lysosome's lumen?

Answer 36

vesicles acidic lumen (pH 5)

Question 37

structure of mitochondria?

Answer 37

pod-shaped surrounded by double membrane

Question 38

what are microfilaments made of, where are they found?

Answer 38

protein actin cytoskeleton

Question 39

what is the cytoskeleton made of?

Answer 39

microtubules and microfilaments