Lec 1. Intro to Genetics

Question 1

What is the definition of genetics?

Answer 1

the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms.

Question 2

What is the definition of molecular genetics?

Answer 2

studies structure and function of genes at a molecular level

Question 3

What is the definition of recessive?

Answer 3

not the common form

Question 4

How does Albinism result from?

Answer 4

Defective gene involved in melanin production

Question 5

What is the consensus on human germline editing?

Answer 5

Ban on editing the human germline

Question 6

What is Luxturna used as a treatment for? How does it do it?

Answer 6

Retinal dystrophy. Genetically modified virus that ferries a healthy gene into the eyes of patients.

Question 7

What do genes do?

Answer 7

Regulate development and control cellular differentiation

Question 8

What is a genome?

Answer 8

a complete set of genetic instructions for any organism

Question 9

True or False? A genome has only DNA and not RNA

Answer 9

False. Has both

Question 10

what is transmission genetics?

Answer 10

how traits are passed from one generation to another

Question 11

What is population genetics?

Answer 11

Study of genetic composition of groups (populations) and how gene frequency changes geographically or with time.

Question 12

What are model genetic organisms?

Answer 12

Organisms with characteristics that make them useful for genetic analysis

Question 13

Name an example of a model organism

Answer 13

Drosphila (fruit fly).

Question 14

What are some common characteristics of model organisms?

Answer 14

Numerous offspring, short generation time, and prior knowledge about their genetic systems

Question 15

What is the only reason animal models are valuable?

Answer 15

Because of the basic similarity among all living things

Question 16

What are HOX genes?

Answer 16

Deal with identifications of various parts of our bodies

Question 17

which organism was the first to have its genome sequenced?

Answer 17

C. elegans

Question 18

What has the Zebrafish been used for?

Answer 18

help identify genes encoding pigmentation differences among humans

Question 19

Define the Pangenesis concept. Is it correct?

Answer 19

Genetic info travels from different parts of the body to reproductive organs. Incorrect

Question 20

Define the inheritance of acquired characteristics concept. Is it correct?

Answer 20

Acquired traits become incorporated into hereditary info. Incorrect

Question 21

Define the Preformationism concept. Is it correct?

Answer 21

Miniature organism resides in sex cells, and all traits are inherited from one parent. Incorrect

Question 22

Define the blending inheritance concept. Is it correct?

Answer 22

Genes blend and mix. Incorrect

Question 23

Define the Germ-plasm theory. Is it correct?

Answer 23

All cells contain a complete set of genetic info. Correct

Question 24

Define the cell theory. Is it correct?

Answer 24

All life is composed of cells and cells arise only from cells. Correct

Question 25

Define the Mendelian inheritance concept. Is it correct?

Answer 25

Traits are inherited in accord with defined principles. Correct

Question 26

What is Lamarckianism?

Answer 26

Organism changes during life in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring.

Question 27

What was the human genome project?

Answer 27

international collaboration to complete mapping of all the genes of human beings.

Question 28

Where is genetic info carried?

Answer 28

DNA and RNA

Question 29

Where are genes located?

Answer 29

Chromosomes

Question 30

Define gene

Answer 30

sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring

Question 31

Define allele

Answer 31

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 32

Define chromosome

Answer 32

threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic info in the form of genes