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MS 200 > Lec. 11: Kin of the Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Lec. 11: Kin of the Foot and Ankle Flashcards

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1
Q

the hindfoot is made up of which jts

A

-SUP and INF tibiofibular
- ankle mortise/talocrural
- subtalar

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2
Q

the midfoot is made up of which jts

A

-transverse tarsal
-intertarsal

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3
Q

the forefoot is made up of which jts

A

-TMT
-MTP
-IP (PIPs and DIPs)

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4
Q

lig of the fibular head does what

A

limits ANT/POST translation of fib head

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5
Q

which lig(s) limits ANT and POST translation of the talus at the TC jt during plantar flex and dorsiflex respectively

A

tibiofibular lig (ANT and POST bands)

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6
Q

what acts like an axis for fibular motion

A

tibiofibular/crural interosseous lig

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7
Q

what does the fibula do at both DIST and PROX ends during dorsiflexion

A

DIST: abducts away from tib and rotates medially
PROX: fib moves superiorly

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8
Q

why is it necessary for the fib to abduct away from the tib during dorsiflexion

A

to make room for the wider portion of the ANT talar dome

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9
Q

what does the fibula do at both DIST and PROX ends during plantarflexion

A

DIST: adducts towards tib and LAT rotates
PROX: moves INF

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10
Q

w/out appropriate fibular motion the ankle jt cannot do what

A

achieve full ROM

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11
Q

CPP, cap. pattern, typical dislocation of talocrural jt

A

CPP: full dorsiflexion
cap. pattern: plantar flexion > dorsiflexion
typical dislocation: usually malleolar # only or in addition to talar dislocation; isolated dislocation is rare though POST is more common than ANT

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12
Q

2 feats of the deltoid ligs of the talocrural jt

A

-limits eversion; valgus strain
-stronger than LAT collateral
-4 bands

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13
Q

2 feats of the LAT collateral ligs of the TC jt

A

-all limit inversion; varus strain
-ANT talofibular is most commonly injured in ankle strains, followed by calcaneofibular

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14
Q

CPP, cap. pattern, and typical dislocation of subtalar jt

A

CPP: SUP’N
cap. pattern: varus>valgus
typ. dislocation: talar dislocation is rare, generally observe calcaneal impaction as in landing hard on heels

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15
Q

why does inversion occur w/ plantar flexion and eversion w/ dorsiflexion

A

b/c of the slight oblique axis of the ankle mortise

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16
Q

PRON’N is a state of relative ___, and is important in ___ ___

A

mobility, shock absorption

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17
Q

SUP’N is a state of relative ___; important for ___-___

A

rigidity, toe-off

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18
Q

the 2 bands of the interosseous talocalcaneal ligs are found w/in the ___ ___ and restrict end range eversion

A

sinus tarsi

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19
Q

CPP, Cap. pattern, and typ. dislocation of the TCN jt

A

CPP: SUP’N
Cap. pattern: dorsiflexion>plantar flexion of talar HD
Typ. dislocation: # is more common

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20
Q

what limits the potential mobility at the subtalar and talocalcaneal jts

A

alternating concave-convex arrangement

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21
Q

motions that make up PRON’N in weight bearing
(Pro-P-Add-I-E)

A

-talar head Plantar flexion
-talar head Add
- Int rot of tib and fib
-calcaneal Eversion

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22
Q

motions that make up SUP’N in weight bearing (Sup-ER-D-Ab-I)

A

-ER of tib and fib
-talar head Dorsiflexion
-talar Abduction
-calcaneal Inversion

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23
Q

ABD and ADD of the talar HD is also known as

A

LAT/MED rotation

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24
Q

motions that make up SUP’N in non-weight bearing

A

inversion/varus, ADD, plantar FLEX of calcaneus

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25
where does the motion occur in SUP'N and PRON'N in OKC
only at the calcaneus
26
arthrokin in the ankle/foot during SUP'N in OKC (considered at the largest talocalcaneal facet)
convex articular surface of calcaneaus moves on concave talus therefore roll and glide in opposite directions
27
what motion occurs at the calcaneus during SUP'N in OKC
inversion/varus, add, plantar FLEX
28
what motion occurs at the calcaneus during PRON'N in OKC
eversion/valgus, abd, dorsiflex
29
in weight bearing, MED tibial ROT will cause ___ and LAT tibial ROT will cause ___
PRON'N, SUP'N
30
mvts permitted at TN jt
PRON'N and SUP'N
31
feats of the plantar calcaneonavicular lig (spring)
-supports talus -and therefore MED longitudinal arch
32
CPP, cap. pattern, typical dislocation of CC jt
CPP: SUP'N cap. pattern: dorsiflexion>plantar flex typ. dislocation: uncommon
33
the bifurcate ligament limits MED displacement of both the ___ and ___
cuboid and navicular
34
what does the plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) lig do
helps maintain longitudinal arches
35
2 things that the long plantar lig does
-helps maintain the longitudinal arches -acts in the windlass effect during toe-off in gait
36
inversion/eversion at the CC and TN jts predominates b/c why
the axis of rot is nearly anteroposterior (subtalar is oblique therefore inv/ev don't predominate)
37
TN and CC jts act as a ___/___ b/w the mobile hindfoot and more stable forefoot which allows the forefoot to stay on the ground during tibiofibular and hindfoot motion
mediator/bridge
38
CPP of the IT jts
SUP'N
39
all the IT jts are nonaxial plane synovial besides the ___ jt which is fibrous syndesmosis
cubonavicular jt
40
the dorsal and plantar ligs of the IT jts help do what
support the longitudinal and lateral arches of the foot
41
CPP, cap. pattern, and typical dislocation of the TMT jts
CPP: SUP'N cap. pattern: none typical dislocation: occurs w/ MT # as in longitudinal compressiion w/ twisting type injuries
42
what does this describe: -w/ hindfoot pronation, or transverse tarsal jt PRON'N, the TMT jt supinates to counter-rotate the hindfoot -if SUP'N is not complete then the MED MT head pushes into the ground and the LAT head lifts
SUP'N twist
43
opposite of SUP'N twist is ___ ___
PRON'N twist
44
SUP'N and PRON'N twist at the TMT jts only occur if counter-rot at the ___ ___ jt is inadequate to accommodate subtalar motion
transverse tarsal
45
CPP, cap. pattern, and typical dislocation of the MTP jts
CPP: full EXT cap. pattern: -1st toe: EXT> FLEX -2nd-4th toes: variable typical dislocation: superoanterior but less common than fingers
46
the oblique axis through the MT heads around which the weight bearing toes extend
metatarsal break
47
which toe is the reference point for abd and add
2nd
48
ADD/LAT dev of big toe at the MTP joint
hallux valgus
49
decreased ROM at 1st MTP jt, especially in EXT, typically painful in toe-off
hallux rigidus
50
the plantar arches take the form of a twisted ___ ___
osteoligamentous plate
51
the ANT edge of the twisted "osteoligamentous plate" would be horizontal and formed by the ___ ___ being in full contact w/ the ground
MT heads
52
the POST edge of the twisted "osteoligamentous plate" would be formed by the calcaneus and be ___
vertical
53
which bone is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch
talus
54
MED longitudinal arch is supported by (4)
-plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) lig -tendons of tib ant -tendons of fib long -plantar aponeurosis
55
MED longitudinal arch is composed of which bones (9)
-calcaneus -talus -navicular -cuneiforms (3) -MED (3) MTs
56
LAT longitudinal arch is composed of which bones (4)
-calcaneus -cuboid -LAT (2) MTs
57
keystone of the LAT longitudinal arch and (3) things that support it
cuboid 1. long plantar lig 2. plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) lig 3. plantar aponeurosis
58
the transverse arch is composed of which bones and which is the keystone
-cuboid -cuneiforms -MT bases keystone--> middle cuneiform
59
whats the apex of the transverse arch
2nd MT base
60
flatfoot where the MED ROT of the leg following the PRON'N of the foot will cause abnormal stresses up kinetic chain (knee, hip, LB P)
pes planus
61
supinated foot that causes a rigid foot thats unable to absorb shock normally, chronic LAT ROT of the leg and PRON'N twist at the TMT jt can cause P and dysfunction
pes cavus
62
extension of the MTP jt places tension on the fascia and causes the elevation of the MED arch. what is this called
windlass effect
63
why does action of the gastrocs and soleus first cause hindfoot SUP'N
b/c their insertions on calcaneus is MED to the TCN jt line
64
calcaneocaval deformity, characterized by markedly high longitudinal arches and flexed toes, can be caused by what (2)
paralyzed triceps surae from post-polio syndrome and spina bifida
65
dysfunction of these (2) results in excessive EXT and chronic sprain
FHL, FDL
66
dysfunction of these (2) mms results in excess SUP'N during stance phase of gait
Fib long and brev
67
this mm normally provides a strong SUP'N force; however, if foot is in excessive PRON'N this mm can reverse and provide a PRON'N force
tib ant
68
dysfunction of these 2 mms results in "steppage" gait with excess hip and knee FLEX to avoid tripping
EHL and TA

MS 200 (19 decks)

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