Lec 13

Question 1

List some species that were not exclusive to Africa?

Answer 1

• H. Floresiensis
• H. Erectus
• H. Antecessor
• H. Heidelbergensis
• H. Neanderthalensis
• H. Sapiens

Question 2

What is the most probable route for hominin dispersal?

Answer 2

Through modern-day Egypt, across the Sinai Peninsula, into Arabia and the Levant

Question 3

Dmanisi?

Answer 3

1. Only place that has min. 5 hominin names
2. 1.8-1.7mya
3. Avrg brain size: 640cc
4. Crania Range from 546-775cc

• H. Habilis had >avrg of cc (610) BUT, its upper body has arboreal traits
• Most teeth sizes in here put the hominins in range of H. Erectus
• Facial skeleton + brow ride also like H. Erectus
• Pelvis, spine, lower body also like H. Erectus
• Mode 1 technology

Question 4

The Levant?

Answer 4

• Biogeographically considered African
• Important region for dispersion

Question 5

Ubeidiya?

Answer 5

1. 1.55-1.2mya
2. Oldest hominin site in S. Levant
3. dated by paleomagnetism + biochronology
4. fewer large mammals, suggesting a drying trend
5. mode 1+2 technology

Question 6

Gesher BY?

Answer 6

1. Mode 2 + 3 tech
2. burned flint, wood, + pieces of charcoal
3. well-preserved plant remains including fruits, seeds, wood

Question 7

Key features of H. Erectus?

Answer 7

Lived b/t 1.89ma-143kya
Brain size: 800-1100cc, avg: 970cc
teeth size: similar to humans
Postcrania: similar to modern humans
- mode 1 technology
- Island of Java

Question 8

Shangchen, China?

Answer 8

1. 2.12-1.16mya
2. earliest stone tools dated to 2.1mya
3. mode 1 tech, dated by paleomagnetism, include: one core, one flake, 3 scrapers
4. pushes back hominin dispersal into Asia by 270ky

Question 9

Majuangou?

Answer 9

1. 1.66mya
2. mode 1 technology, for marrow extraction
3. botanical remains suggest that site was a low energy lakeshore or marshy environment at one point.

Question 10

Bose?

Answer 10

1. 0.8mya
2. acheulean-like tools (not bifacial, no cleavers)
3. dated by using Argon 40-39 on Tektites