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IDM2003 Exam 3 > Lec 17: Dynamics of Adaptive Immunity Part 1 > Flashcards

Lec 17: Dynamics of Adaptive Immunity Part 1 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What occurs during the establishment of infection?

A

assessment by your immune system - the alarm stage

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2
Q

The inductive phase is also known as ______ phase

A

central

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3
Q

What occurs at the end of the effector phase?

A

shutdown/healing (chronic healing -> cancer)

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4
Q

What are protections against infection during local infection/penetration of epithelium?

A
  • wound healing induced AMPs
  • phagocytes
  • complement
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5
Q

What are protections against infection during local infection of tissues?

A
  • complement activation
  • DC migrate to lymph nodes (can transfer antigen to a resident DC)
  • Phagocyte and NK activation
  • cytokine and chemokine production
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6
Q

What are protections against infection that occur during lymphatic spread?

A
  • pathogen trapped and phagocytosed in lymphoid tissue
  • adaptive immunity initiated by migrating DC cells
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7
Q

What protections against infection exist during adaptive immunity?

A
  • infection cleared by specific antibody
  • T cell dependent macrophage activation
  • cytotoxic T cells
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8
Q

How do DCs know what to tell T cells?

A

the PRRs/TLRs that are engaged, based on evolution of microbes and evolution of the immune system, the “danger” signal, NK and memory CTLs “programming”

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9
Q

DCs are immature during ____

A

antigen uptake and information gathering

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10
Q

Maturation of DC involves

A

phenotypic changes, antigen uptake halts, migration to lymph node (CCR7)

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11
Q

Signal 0 is

A

environmental instruction (input signals to DC)

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12
Q

What provides signal 0 to DCs

A

exogenous: pathogen sending PAMPs
endogenous: NK, CTL, TH, other DC, tissue stroma, macrophages (sending DAMPs)

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13
Q

Signal ___ is dependent on signal 0

A

3

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14
Q

What do signals 1-4 tell T cells?

A

1 - what the issue is
2 - the level of danger
3 - type of response needed
4 - where the problem is

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15
Q

A ____ response relies on CD4 cells

A

CTL

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16
Q

The ____ cytokines made by CD4 cells drive CTL response

A

IL-2

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17
Q

DC becomes hyperactive through ____, which initiates signal 3 for CD8+ cells through the release of ____. Without it, CTL cells will not survive for very long.

A

CD40L,
IL-12

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18
Q

APC stimulation of CD4 cells induces ____. Stimulating _____ on APC increases B7 and 4-IBBL to costimulate _____.

A

CD40L
CD40
CD8 T cell

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19
Q

CD40L on T cells will help 4 types of cells in which ways

A

macrophages - clearance of internal pathogens (autophagy)
B cells - promote Ab production and type
Immature DC cells - promotes maturation
Mature DC cells - hyperactivates

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20
Q

Through CD40 stimulation, DCs will

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A
  • upregulate CD80/86 = more signal 2
  • induce CD70 expression
  • induce 4-IBBL (helps CTL)
  • promote Ag processing/presentation through TAP1/2
  • enhance DC survival (5 to 20 days)
  • induce production of cytokines (signal 3)
  • promote DC reticulation and Ag transfer
  • drives upregulation of PD-L1
21
Q

_____ undergo reticulation process when provided with T helper signal ____

22
Q

Reticulation process helps to:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • increase surface area and reach
  • facilitates intercellular communication
  • facilitates antigen transfer
23
Q

Intercellular trafficking of cytoplasmic components occur via ___

24
Q

CD40L helps to induce signal __, which impacts effector function of T cell

25
IL-12p70 drives ___, ____, and ____ cell mediated responses
Th1, CTL, and NK
26
What are the first cells to the party?
macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells
27
____ deficiency would lead to NK cell deficiency and an issue like chronic herpes, since this cytokine programs _______
IFN-gamma; Dendritic cells
28
_____ immune cells are required for eliminating infection
innate
29
RAG deficient - what cells do they lack?
can't do V(D)J - lack mature B and T cells, but have NK cells
30
scid - what cells are mutated?
mutation in a common cytokine gamma chain; deficiencies of T, B, and NK cells
31
Group 1 ILCs are produced via stimulation of ____ from macrophages/DCs with intracellular bacteria/viruses and they produce ___
IL-12; IFN-gamma
32
Group 2 ILCs are produced by _____ made by epithelial cells infected with parasites and produce ____.
made by: TSLP, IL-33, IL-25 produce: IL-13, IL-5
33
Group 3 ILCs are produced by ____ made by macrophage/DC response to extracellular bacteria and they produce ____
made by IL-23 produce IL17 and IL22
34
Differentiated NK/ILCs help to ______ DC to guide adaptive T cell response
program
35
Naive CD4 cells will become TH1 cells in presence of ___ and ___. Th1 cells create ___, ___, and ___
IL-12 and IFN-gamma; IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-beta
36
Naive CD4 cells made in presence of ____, induced by worms will become TH2 cells. TH2 cells produce ____, ____, and ____
IL-4, IL5, and IL13
37
Hookworm binds to NK cells to induce IFN-gamma expression to stimulate ____ production. These cells _____ clear the infection
TH1 cannot
38
T cells can respond to ________ in a non TCR dependent manner to respond like NK/ILCs (produce cytokines). In order to do this they need ___ signals
innate cytokines; both
39
Th1 cells require ___ and ___ to produce IFN-gamma without TCR stimulation
IL-12 and IL-18
40
Th2 cells require ___ and ___ to produce IL5 and IL13 without TCR stimulation
TSLP and IL33
41
Th17 cells require ___ and ___ to produce IL17 and IL22 without TCR stimulation
IL-23 and IL-1
42
Naive CD8 cells can be activated via ____ stimulation by ____ from DC to become CTL OR ___ and ___ from DC to produce IFN-gamma to activate macrophages
CD28 by B7 (CD80/86) IL-12 and IL-18
43
NK cells and CD8+ T cells can help DC to drive ____ differentiation via MHC I recognition
TH1
44
broadly neutralizing antibodies lead to ____ response, ____ cells can see Ab tagged cells with Fc receptor, to be eaten by DC and initiate response
CTL, NK
45
NK cells recognize changes in ______ that may be downregulated by viruses
self MHC
46
DC won't make ____ without CD40L from ___ and IFN-gamma from ____
IL-12; CD4+; CD8+
47
DCs primed by ____ cells will cause T cells to differentiate into TH1. Without meeting they will become ___
NK; TH0 (undifferentiated)
48
what 3 sources of information program signal 0?
1 - pathogen information (PAMPs) signaling PRRs 2 - tissue (danger signals/cytokines from infected cells) 3 - signals from CD8+ (TCR), b cells (BCR), and NK cells (FcR)

IDM2003 Exam 3 (6 decks)

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