LEC 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the cause of floods acid deficiency?
Poor intake
Malabsorption such as celiac disease
Drugs (phenytoin, methotrexate, thrimethoprime , isoniazid, phenobarbitone )
Increased demand or requirements such as pregnancy
What is tha cause of B12 deficiency?
Pernicious anemia
Poor B12 intake
Malabsorption such as crhon disease
What is the pernicious anemia ?
Autoimmune disease which attack partial cell that production IF which prevent B12 from destruction in stomach
Which one cause memylination ?
Deficiency in B12
What is tha cause of chronic disease anemia ?
1-systemic inflammation (increased in IL-6 lead to increased hepcidin which increased iron stored)
2-chronic disease decreased in erythropoietin hormone
What is the change on ferritin and transferrin occurs in anemia chronic disease?
Increased in ferritin (so increased in iron stored) , decreased in iron level in blood , decreased in TIBC
What is the aplastic anemia ?
Anemia come from bone marrow failure due to suppression of multipotent steam cell which lead to pancytopnea
What is the causes of aplastic anemia?
Acquired: idiopathic, myelotoxic agent , viral infection
Inherited: defect in telomerase , disorder of DNA repair mechanisms (fanconi anemia)
What is the change occurs in aplastic anemia?
Hypocellular anemia , 90% of the interabecular space occupied by fat , thrombocytopenia which lead to petechiae of patient get trauma, granulocytopdnia so there are increased in infections , no splenomegaly
What is the type of hemolytic?
Intrinsic (inside blood vessel) & extrinsic (outside blood vessel (inside macrophages))
What is the feature of hemolytic anemia ?
Shortness of RBCs survival , elevated in erythropoietin to compensate decreased in RBCs or called erythyroid hyperplasia (so reticulocyte will be increased) , juandice and increased in LDH
What is the features of intrinsic hemolytic anemia?
Hemoglobinuria , hemoglobinemia , hemosiderinuria , hyperbilirubinemia , juandice , increases LDH , decreased haptoglobin
What is the feature of extrinsic hemolytic anemia ?
Hyperbilirubinemia , juandice , LDH increased , splenomegaly
What is the cause of spherocytosis?
Mutation in spectrin , ankyrin and band 3
What is the features of hereditary spherocytosis?
Hyperchromic (increased MCHC) , hight reticulocyte, hight osmotic fragility, splenomegaly, destruction of the spleen
Does spherocytosis intrinsic or extrinsic hemolytic?
Intrinsic because defect occurs in membrane of RBCs
Does RBCs in spherocytosis destruction intrinsic or extrinsic?
Extrinsic by macrophages
What is the complication of spherocytosis?
Gallbladder stone , aplastic crisis of patient get parvovirus B19
What is aplastic crisis?
Patient with spherocytosis, and get effected by parvovirus B19 which lead to bone marrow failure
Why hemolysis occurs if patient have G6PD deficiency?
Because oxidant agent will accumulation in RBCs
Give examples about some oxidant that lead to hemolytic anemia if G6PD deficiency found ?
Drugs : anti malaria, sulfonamide, furantoins
Favism
Free radicle
In G6PD deficiency, hemolytic occurs intrinsic or extrinsic?
Mainly intrinsic but if occurs extrinsic the bite cell will found
What is Heinz body ?
Accumulation of hemoglobin within RBCs due to oxidation
What is the causes of immune hemolytic anemia?
Antibodies
