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RUMINANT MED - CONSTANTE > Lec 2 > Flashcards

Lec 2 Flashcards

1
Q

its factors are:
- causing excess salivation
- attributed to difficulty in swallowing

A

drooling

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2
Q

etiologic agent of wooden tongue/actinobacillosis

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

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3
Q

wooden tongue antibiotics

A
  • penicillin
  • Ceftipure
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4
Q

what dx?
- excessive salivation
- pus, swelling, inflammation
- gram (-) anaerobe

A

calf diphtheria or necrotic laryngitis

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5
Q

etiologic agent of calf diphtheria;
common inhabitant/commensal of laryngeal area

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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6
Q

calf diphtheria antibiotics

A
  • oxytetracycline
  • penicillin
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7
Q
  1. not common in PH
  2. more common in other countries
A
  1. poisoning (lead, rhododendron, OP)
  2. acute photosensitization
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8
Q

can cause excessive salivation; under surveillance in PH

A

FMD (foot and moth dx)

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9
Q

what dx?
- 3-day fever
- insect-borne
- presenting sign: drooling

A

ephemeral fever

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10
Q

difficulty in swallowing; backward water flow

A

dysphagia

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11
Q
  • causes drooling
  • underrecognized condition
  • welfare-related
  • common in tropics
A

heat stress

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12
Q

what stage?
- increased RR
- tachypnea
- restless
- animal stands
- insignificant

A

Stage 1

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13
Q

what stage?
- animals group together
- slight drooling
- elevated RR
- drooling still not alarming/significant

A

Stage 2

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14
Q

what stage?
- alarming
- excess drooling/foaming
- increased RR
- animal stands
- restless
- differential dx: FMD, calf diphtheria

A

Stage 3

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15
Q

what stage?
- open mouth breathing
- gasping w/out sound
- can be attributed to stroke and sudden death

A

Stage 4

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16
Q

what stage?
- elevated HR w/ flank involvement
- open mouth breathing w/ protruding tongue
- almost no saliva seen

A

Stage 5

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17
Q

what stage?
- terminal/fatal stage
- labored breathing
- decreased HR
- open mouth breathing w/ protruding tongue
- head down
- slight drooling
- elevated RR
- isolation (behavior) from herd
- usually too late to revive

A

Stage 6

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18
Q

heat stress management

A
  • provide cold compress, ice water bath, shower/sprinkler
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19
Q
  • rare in cattle
  • different from regurgitation
A

vomiting

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20
Q

what is affected in vomiting?

A

anything that is innervated by the vagus nerve and dorsal and ventral sac of rumen

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21
Q

causes of vomiting

A
  • plant poisoning
  • abomasal ulcer
  • esophageal foreign body
  • acute bloat/esophageal dilatation
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22
Q

it is a common and important presenting syndrome

A

AAP (acute abdominal pain)

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23
Q

3 main causes of AAP

A
  1. acute gut obstruction
  2. acute enteritis
  3. acute fermentative colic/bloat
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24
Q

7 Fs

A

fat
fetus
feces
food
fluid
flatus (gas)
FB

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25
usually associated w/ fluids and gas
acute abdominal distension
26
it happens when the left portion of the body is distended
ruminal distension
27
1. bigger on lower right quadrant; 2. left side rounded throughout
1. pear 2. apple = papple
28
- acute diffuse peritonitis - peritoneal tympany - associated w/ sx - left and right quadrants are rounded = apple appearance
peritoneal distention
29
- dilatation and/or torsion of abomasum - abomasal displacement
abomasal distension
30
- acute tympanitic fermentative intestinal colic - torsion of cecum and colon
intestinal distension
31
- hydrops amnion and allantois
uterine distension
32
affects the thoracic region and GIT
anterior thoracic and abdominal pain
33
dorsiflexion of the back and grunts or kicks
withers (scooch) pinch test
34
signs of thoracic/abdominal pain
- arched back - protruding neck - disinclination to lie down - spontaneous grunting - steadily standing
35
signs of GIT pain
stands hunched w/ elbows abducted w/ +/- grunting
36
foot pain; bacteria w/ toxins can travel from hoof to stomach via small capillaries
laminitis
37
- rumen: left side when viewed caudally - failure to eructate - affects normal rumino-reticular tone and motility - causes partial obstruction to the escape of gas from the rumen
chronic bloat
38
type of bloat due to excess consumption of succulents, high grain diet/legumes, or genetics
primary (frothy)
39
management of primary bloat
- use mineral and coconut oil - baking soda, water and drench
40
- type of bloat due to FB - causes obstruction, nerve pathway impairment and lesions to the reticulum wall - causes problems in innervations
secondary (free gas)
41
bloat pathology
band white streak in esophagus "bloat line" near the junction of rumen and reticulum
42
liver dx that happens to high milk producing animals particularly older ones causing fatty infiltrations
liver cirrhosis
43
liver fx
- stops bleeding - produce hormones
44
- metabolic powers of detoxification - liver damage - causes sunburn
photosensitization
45
makes the skin sensitive to UV rays
phylloerythrin
46
DDD
Diarrhea Dehydration Death
47
causes crumby, pelleted, stone-like difficult to void manure
constipation
48
causes foul smelling and very watery diarrhea w/ mixture of blood
salmonellosis
49
causes yellow, pasty consistency diarrhea
rotavirus
50
causes wet, mucoid-like diarrhea w/ no form and comes in large volumes
coronavirus
51
- patient can have fever - different from diarrhea due to change of diet
febrile
52
- TB of intestine - causes explosive, black tarry feces - causes chronic wasting or loss in body condition
Johne's dx
53
etiologic agent of Johne's dx
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
54
gold standard diagnostic tool for Johne's dx
PCR
55
due to faulty esophageal groove, force feeding of milk, improper feeding methods and stress
rumen drinking or reticulo-rumino milk accumulation
56
3Cs in manure eval
color consistency content
57
causes green or yellow tint in manure
antibiotic tx
58
causes black, clay-like feces
milk goes to wrong compartment causing spoilage then the heifer will not get the proper nutrients from it
59
straining while defecating
tenesmus
60
sign when the animal is urging to poop all the time
elevated tail
61
- recumbency before and after birthing - inflammation on limbs - cold extremities due to swelling
downer cow
62
early stage of pneumonia
pulmonary hyperemia
63
animals which collapse and die
sudden death
64
sign of botulism
animal do not stand or ambulate
65
other term for jugular stasis
cording
66
hematuria + hemoglobinuria
red water

RUMINANT MED - CONSTANTE (6 decks)

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