Lec 2 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Social structure
A system or institution within a society
Social Justice
The identification of these unjust social structures and their underlying causes, as well as the activism involved in dismantling them
Two approaches to social justice
Bottom-up: Expanding awareness and education
Top-down: political acts
Personal names
Employers and landlords tend to pick Eng-sounding names
Indigenous peoples were forced to use names from European languages (e.g., Eng, Spanish)
Indexical bleaching
Replacing someone’s name with an English name, or mispronouncing it to sound more English.
Deadnaming
Using former names for transgender people
Use of pronouns
The use of a singular nonbinary they/them pronouns
Uptalk
A style of speech wherein declarative sentences are expressed with rising intonation
Vocal fry
Deep, creaky, breathy voice: often perceived as “more bored”, “more relaxed”, and “less confident”.
Taboos
Culturally-avoided linguistic expressions that cause offense (when uttered)
Derogatory/perjorative expressions
Expressions that disparage people, often involved attitudes of the utterer towards the other person.
e.g., jerk, idiot, asshole
Slurs
Words (or expressions) that insult certain marginalized groups of people.
mutual intelligibility
Can speakers A and B understand each other?
Standard language
The dialect/variety associated with the social elites (e.g., white people), used in the capital city and the one taught in school and experiences a lot of institutional support
Matched-guise study
One speaker assumes multiple ‘guises’ to see the availability of apartments.
