Lec 2-2 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Sugars in RNA vs DNA
RNA has a hydroxyl group while DNA has only a hydrogen that is recognized by most of the proteins that interact with them
Purine
A
G
Pyrimidine
C
T
U (RNA)
A binds to
T or U
C binds to
G
Purine base pairs dictated with which pyrimidine base is dictated by
Number of hydrogen bonds they form
3D model of DNA is found by
Watson Crick and Rosalind Franklin
X ray crystallography
Technique to resolve 3D structure of molecules such as proteins
Use bioinformatics to model a protein structure, but these structures are not always accurate
X ray crystallography is very difficult
X ray crystallography mechanism
Light is passed through a lead screen
Light is detected on a photographic plate leading to a diffraction pattern which shows the structure of the molecule
DNA structure
Composed of two nucleotide polymer strands that run antiparallel
Phosphate sugar backbone on the outside
Base pairs held together with hydrogen bonds on the inside-allows separation
The sequence of the bases were free to vary
Directionality goes from5’ to 3’
Genetic material should be able to
Contain large amounts of complex info
Replicate faithfully
Encode the phenotype
Have the capacity to vary
Deoxyribose binds to nucleotides from
The 3’ end
Phosphate backbone binds to
5’ of deoxyribose
T and A form
2 hydrogen bonds
C and G form
3 hydrogen bonds
more tightly bound
Special information pathways
Reverse transcription can occur which turns RNA into DNA
Or RNA replication can occur which turns it into another RNA molecule
Why is our genetic material made of DNA and not RNA
RNA lacks stability and the hydroxyl group of RNA is very reactive
DNA is in a double helix which is very stable
Special structure that can form in a single stranded nucleic acid
Ribozymes
RNA with enzymatic activity
RNA can be both genetic material as while as catalyze enzymatic reactions
