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Anatomy and Physiology I > Lec 2-6 (1) > Flashcards

Lec 2-6 (1) Flashcards

1
Q

study of skin

A

Dermatology

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2
Q

Describe variations in the epidermis between different body regions

A

thick/thin skin

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3
Q

Describe variations in the epidermis between individuals

A

color, flushing, tan lines

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4
Q

Describe variations in the epidermis in thickness, color, skin markings

A

calluses, oiliness, birth marks

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5
Q

works as a pigment in the skin (flushing), an oxygen binding compound present in red blood cells, turns bright red upon binding oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

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6
Q

skin pigment, yellowish-brown produced and stored by melanocytes, transferred to other cells, protects skin from UV radiation ie skin cancer

A

Melanin

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7
Q

cells that produce and store melanin

A

Melanocytes

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8
Q

Same surface area of skin has ______________ melanocytes regardless of skin color

A

same number of

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9
Q

darker skin produces __________ colored melanin

A

more and darker

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10
Q

yellowish-orange pigment acquired from yellow-orange vegetables

A

Carotene

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11
Q

Which pigment accumulates inside subcutaneous fat and keratinocytes of stratum corneum, converted to vitamin A within body, plays important roles in vision, reducing free radicals, in immune function

A

Carotene

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12
Q

a mole, harmless overgrowth of melanin forming cells

A

Nevus

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13
Q

yellowish or brown spots on the skin, concentration of melanin or carotene

A

Freckles

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14
Q

skin discoloration due to benign blood vessel tumor

A

Hemangioma

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15
Q

type of hemangioma present at birth, known as strawberry-colored birthmarks

A

Capillary hemangiomas

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16
Q

type of hemangioma known as port-wine stains, involve larger dermal blood vessels

A

Cavernous hemangiomas

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17
Q

attachment points of collagen fibers on the skin

A

Cleavage lines

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18
Q

Which cuts related to cleavage lines scar more?

A

Cut parallel to a cleavage line heals cleaner; Cut across cleavage lines has more scarring

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19
Q

blood vessel diameter narrowed, shunted from periphery to internal organs

A

Vasoconstriction

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20
Q

Function of nails

A

protection and scratching

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21
Q

Function of hair

A

protection, signaling, insulation

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22
Q

nails, hair, exocrine glands derived from epidermal epithelium, formed from portions of epidermis invaginated into the dermis

A

Epidermal derivatives

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23
Q

Three types of hair

A

lanugo, vellus, terminal

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24
Q

fine, downy baby hair, appears in last trimester

A

Lanugo

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25
Q

primary human hair, on upper and lower limbs

A

Vellus

26
Q

coarser, pigmented hair, on scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, men’s beards, during puberty replaces vellus hair in axillary and pubic regions

A

Terminal hair

27
Q

What makes hair grow faster

A

nutrition and calorie intake

28
Q

Two types of sweat glands

A

merocrine and apocrine

29
Q

Two types of perspiration from merocrine glands

A

sensible and insensible

30
Q

drippy sweat, beads and rolls off

A

Sensible perspiration

31
Q

sweat that evaporates straight out of the skin

A

Insensible perspiration

32
Q

Glands that have a milky, smelly sweat, found in axillae, pubic, and nipple regions

A

apocrine glands

33
Q

oily discharge produced by sebaceous glands through holocrine secretion

A

Sebum

34
Q

Glands that discharge sebum

A

Sebaceous glands

35
Q

modified apocrine sweat glands located in ear

A

Ceruminous glands

36
Q

earwax, lubricates ear, anti-microbial properties

A

Cerumen

37
Q

modified apocrine sweat glands of the breast, only in females, produce milk

A

Mammary glands

38
Q

vitamin synthesized in skin, requires UV exposure and cholesterol in skin to synthesize

A

Vitamin D3

39
Q

another name for Vitamin D3

A

Cholecalciferol

40
Q

active form of vitamin D3, helps calcium absorption in body, synthesized in kidneys

A

Calcitriol

41
Q

ability of skin to allow absorption of some substances and not others

A

Selectively permeable

42
Q

describes ability of oil soluble drugs to be administered through skin

A

Transdermal administration

43
Q

immune based cells in the epidermis

A

Dendritic cells

44
Q

What does thick skin not have that thin skin does?

A

Thick skin does not have hair or sebaceous glands

45
Q

replacing the same skin cells, restores organ function

A

Regeneration

46
Q

replacement of skin cells with scar tissues, composed primarily of collagen, typically function is not restored

A

Fibrosis

47
Q

Steps of wound healing

A

Wound happens and you bleed
Blood clot forms called scab
Regeneration and fibrosis from deep to superficial
Scar tissue is replaced by functional tissue and scab falls off

48
Q

overproduction of scar tissue that may appear to be a tumor, possible side effect of surgery

A

Keloid

49
Q

autoimmune disease that causes a rapid overgrowth of skin cells, can be painful

A

Psoriasis

50
Q

body attacks itself

A

Autoimmune

51
Q

UV exposure, corticosteroids, immunosuppressant drugs

A

Psoriasis treatments

52
Q

burns that damage epidermis, slight redness and pain

A

First degree burns

53
Q

burns that damage epidermis and dermis, causes blistering

A

Second degree burns

54
Q

burns that damage epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer, require hospitalization and cause bad scarring

A

Third degree burns

55
Q

regions of the body are divided into multiples of 9% to quickly estimate amount of body burned. 99% means all but groin burned. 100% means all including groin burned. Babies are different rules.

A

Rule of nines

56
Q

What happens when skin ages

A

cells get smaller, fewer, don’t work as well, don’t replace as well, and die

57
Q

most common type of skin cancer that is the least deadly

A

Basal cell carcinoma

58
Q

skin cancer of medium commonality, medium deadliness

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

59
Q

least common skin cancer, most deadly skin cancer

A

Malignant melanoma

60
Q

To be turned inside out or folded back on itself to form a cavity or pouch

A

invaginated

61
Q

One popular treatment for wrinkles caused by repeated facial muscle expression is botulinum toxin type A

A

Botox

62
Q

How does botox work

A

temporarily blocks nerve impulses to the facial expression muscles, thereby decreasing or eliminating the wrinkles they produce.

Anatomy and Physiology I (30 decks)

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