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BIEN 210 quiz 1 > Lec 3-4 > Flashcards

Lec 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemiluminescence vs Fluorescence vs Phosphorescence

A

Chemiluminescence: e- excitation from chem rxn
Fluorescence: e- excitation from photon absorption
Phosphorescence: e- excitation from photon absorption, with triplet intermediate step

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2
Q

Bioluminescence vs Thermal Radiation

A

Bioluminescence: e- excitation from chem rxn of luciferin
Thermal Radiation: Light emitted

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3
Q

Evolutionary Pressure to create bioluminescence

A

Predation, evading predators, communication

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4
Q

Continuum Wave (CW) Lasers

A

Continuous wave, lower power

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5
Q

Pulsed Lasers

A

Short pulses, higher power

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6
Q

Properties of lasers

A

Coherent, monochromatic, polarized and directional

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7
Q

Applications of lasers

A

Cutting, communication, printing, scanning

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8
Q

Types of waves

A
  • Spherical Waves
  • Planar Waves
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9
Q

Huygen-Fresnel’s Principle

A

All points on a wavefront are the source of a new wave.

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10
Q

Superposition Principle

A

Because waves can interfere constructively or destructively,
the result of superpositioned waves is their sum.

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11
Q

Refraction

A

When crossing into another medium, light takes the path of shortest time, not the path of shortest distance
- (light is slower if index of refraction is high)

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12
Q

Diffraction

A

Interference or bending of waves around obstacle

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13
Q

Optical components for light manipulation

A
  • Pinholes and Irises
  • Mirrors
  • Beam Splitters
  • Filters
  • Lenses
  • Prisms
  • Gratings
  • Polarizers
  • Optic Fibers`
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14
Q

Pinholes

A
  • Control amount of light entering a system
  • Allows for formation of an image on a screen
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15
Q

Pinhole examples

A
  • Human iris
  • Pinhole eyes of some animals
  • Pinhole camera
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16
Q

Mirrors

A
  • Reflect light
  • Flat or Curved
  • Metallic or Dielectric
17
Q

Dielectric mirror

A

Are made from systems of thin lenses.

Layers of oil, water and air allow light to interfere constructively/destructively.

18
Q

Snell’s Law

A

n1sinθ_1=n2 sinθ_2

19
Q

Total internal reflection

A
  • When
    • n1 > n2
    • θ_1 > 90
  • As light θ_1 increases, more light is reflected than refracted
20
Q

Critical angle (θ_c)

A

θ_1 when θ_2 is 90°
(angle of incidence when angle of refraction is 90°)

21
Q

Filters

A

Selective for specific wavelengths

22
Q

Edge filters

A

Long Pass/Short Pass

23
Q

Long Pass Filters

A

Allow passage of long wavelengths, block short wavelengths

24
Q

Short Pass Filters

A

Allow passage of short wavelengths, block long wavelengths

25
Q

Lens equations

A

1/f=1/d_i +1/d_o
M = -d_i/d_o = hi/ho

26
Q

Multiple Lens Equations

A

1/f = 1/f_1 + 1/f_2
M = -f_2/f_1

27
Q

Rayleigh Length

A

Describes beam waist at focal point

28
Q

Prisms

A

Larger refractive index for smaller wavelengths
–> Different wavelengths refracted at different angles –> White light separated

29
Q

Gratings

A

Harnesses wave diffraction and interference to separate white light

30
Q

Polarizers

A
  • Select light based orientation of electrical field
  • Total polarization of reflected ray achieved Brewters’s angle
31
Q

Brewster’s angle (θ_B)

A

θ_1 when θ_2 = 90° - θ_1
(incident angle when refracted angle equal to 90 - incident angle) or (angle between refracted ray and reflected ray)

32
Q

Brewster angle formula (derived from Snell’s Law)

A

θ_B = arctan(n2/n1), n1 small and n2 large

33
Q

Critical angle formula (derived from Snell’s Law)

A

θ_c = arcsin(n2/n1), n1 large and n2 small

34
Q

Optical fibers

A
  • Harnesses total internal reflection to transport light
  • Incident angle larger or equal to critical angle
35
Q

Optical fiber types

A
  • Step index (aka multimode): Multiple incident angles allowed
  • Graded index: refractive index dependent on distance from central axis
  • Single mode: Single incident angle allowed to preserve signal purity
36
Q

Examples of Light manipulation in biology

A

ex: Gratings in butterflies
ex: Algae as lenses
ex: Optical fibers in sea sponge
ex: Animals with pinhole vision
ex: Animals with bifocal lenses

37
Q

Describe how can optical components
be used to measure ballistic
photons through tissue.

A

Mirrors, lenses, beam splitters, optical fibers and filters are used together to use measure ballistic photons.
ex: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Strength: High resolution
Weakness: Can’t penetrate through deep tissues

38
Q

Define Structural Coloration

A

Colour visible on an object due to its structure, not luminescence.
ex: Butterfly wings using gratings

39
Q

Incident Angle of Acceptance in optical fibers

A

sinθ = √ (n1^2 - n2^2 )

BIEN 210 quiz 1 (5 decks)

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