Lec 4 (Mito) Flashcards
(29 cards)
What does VO2 max measure?
What is it influenced by?
What does it evaluate?
an individuals maximum rate of oxygen consumption.
(in test u max out oxi. phosphorylation)
3 Influences = O2 DELIVERY to CV system and O2 EXTRACTION from blood into skeletal muscle/tissue
The RATE of energy production and oxygen use once inside the muscle cell.
What is the best biomarker of (overall) health and premature death?
A VO2max test
How do you calculate RER?
Divide CO2 by VO2
.7 = Fat; 1.0 = CHO aka 65% VO2 max or greater
What does an RER above 1.0 tell us?
that it is no longer fats or CHO being used, we now have an increased contribution of anaerobic metabolism
Where does the Kreb Cycle Occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria.
Bc the outer membrane of the mitochondria is most permeable, what does to it allow to take place?
The passage of protons and metabolites such as ATP, ADP and other nutrient molecules.
Where is the site of the electron transport chain?
Along the cristae (where oxidative phos. occurs(; the inner membrane of the mitochrondia.
What is the intermembrane space used for?
For the exchange and transport of enzymes. It also HOLDs the protons hat are being accumulated in prep for ATP production.
What enzyme transports lacate into teh mitochondria?
MCT1
What is LDH
Lactate will be oxidized into pyruvate into the mitochondria.
What does the bicarbonate buffering system do?
It produces non aerobic CO2 (an extra source) that helps us maintain pH levels in the blood as a result of increased rate of (ATP) hydrolysis..
Extra H can make blood acidic and this system “sucks” any excess up by latching to CO2 (CO2+H =) Carbonc acid gets into blood, travels to lungs and is expired as CO2
What drives RER above 1?
The biocarbonate buffering system and teh extra source of CO2 it provides.
Name the various parts of the mitochondria and state there purpose.
Outer Membrane - most permeable, allows protons and metabolites to pass
Inter membrane - transporting membrane (lil deeper) requires enzymes/proteins for transportation and exchange.
Inner membrane - responsible for metabolite transportation (e.g. fats thru carnintine transferase) & impermeable to protons/e- (3a); ALSO cite of cristae membrane *including folds and actual cristae) + its the cite of ox. phos. (i.e. ETC)
The Matrix - cite of Kreb cycle and location of mDNA and 1/2 of the mitochondrial proteins
Pyruvate dehyrogenase is the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, but what else occurs during this process?
NAD+ is reduced to NADH
Chemoosimos is described as what?
The flow of H ions from the intermembrane space (thru ATP synthase) back into the matrix for the creation of ATP thru the phorphorlation of ADP to ATP.
What hydrolyzes (breaks down) chylomicrons and trigecerides into FFA?
Lipoprotein lipase (FFA)
What hydrolyzes (breaks down) chylomicrons and trigecerides into FFA?
Lipoprotein lipase LPL (FFA)
How do we regulate blood glucose levels?
via insulin signalling
What causes teh converion of pyruvate into acetyl coA?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase.
The inflammation of lipid oversupply causes insulin resistance and inflammation messes with the insulin signalling pathway. True or False?
True!
The inflammation of lipid oversupply causes insulin resistance and inflammation messes with the insulin signalling pathway. True or False?
True!
What is the role of HSL in lipolysis?
To help with the mobilization of FFA from adipocytes.
What is HSL stimulated by?
What is it inhibited by?
Hormones, hence the name: Epi., norepi. & GH.
Insulin
Once a triglyceride is broken down & the FFA are mobilized, what happens (meaning where do they go?)
They are carried into circulation by way of albumin.
*If TG is begin actived upon by HSL in skeletal muscle, the FFA will enter mito. for ox.phosphor. / ATP production
What carries fat in blood circulation?
Albumin
