Lecture 1 (Quiz 1) Flashcards
Bioenergetics focuses on what?
- Energetic (biochemical) exchanges (or events) in a biological world
- Physics of energy playing out in biological systems (life)
- Transformation of energy
- Resistance of entropy (to maintain homeostasis)
Overall: It focuses on how cells transform e. thru living things; it’s always constant - Law’s of Thermo. Dynm.
ATP is our bodies currency, but most unusable energy escapes as heat. True or False?
True
Energy within an organism is divvied up between what 3 things?
Reproduction, growth and (physical activity) maintenance.
reproduction being the fav; preserve life
How does a species survive?
By propagating its genes into the future (i.e. germline/egg & sperm)
If an adaptation has been retained (passed onto subsequent generations) it provided an advantage for species survival (and successful reproduction). *Anatomy, physiology, behavior
What does autophagy do?
- It breaks down intracellcular content for energy
- Provides substrates for metabolism during energetic challenge
- Prevents accumulation of aged and dysfunctional proteins, mitochondria, and fats
Essentially, it helps with energetic stress & cellular housekeeping.
NOTE: EXERCISE TURNS ON AUTOPHAGY
Can you be metabolically healthy, or overweight, but fit? Explain
Yes. Think Linebackers, heavyweight boxers, worldclass weight lifters. Being overweight can increase your risk of CDV, BUT if your “fit” your risk decreases.
There are far more greater benefits of exercise that do not include weight loss.
Those who engaged in both aerobic and muscle strengthening activity had lower risk for COVID19 infection, severe illness and death than who did not. True or False?
True.
Having obesity, or at least 1 comorbidity lead to greater severities of COVID19 illness. True of False?
True
To conserve energy, our ancestors did what?
Rest whenever they could and eat whenever they could (fats and sugars esp.).
Note: Gaining fat was adaptive, bc it helped us store e.
Energy is diverted away from non-necessarsy functions that detract from reproduction success. Give two reason as to why this is.
- The body will focus on whats needed or required for baseline reproduction.
- Developing and maintaining a high capacity cardio-respiratory, musculoskeletal or metabolic fitness system is costly. (Hence why upon cessation of exercise physiological gains and improvements are lost)
Note however, fitness leads to increased capacity.
What is exercise?
A physiological stress that elicits an adaption to (e.g. an increased capacity)
What is heat shock proteins?
A stress response from inside the cell. It similar to autophgay in that it helps with cell damage and environmental changes.
mRNA spikes after each bout of exercise, why?
Because everytime we train, we have an increase in gene activity and mRNA is the messenger code of proteins. Protein content helps determine change and enyzme function
What is the overload principal?
When you apply stress above what the system is accustomed too. (This is how you have adaptations)
When training, how can we “pull the levers” to elicit an adaptation in the body?
Note: Some of these adaptations can occur even if we are not (or stop) training.
By adjusting:
- LOAD; the intensity of the stress or time/duration frequency
- VOLUME or REPETITIONS; how much load is applied
- REST PERIODS; the time between reps or a training session
- FREQUENCY; the # of sessions over time
- SPECIFICITY; the tissue/systems trained (e.g. the SAID principle - the human body adapts to Specific Adaptations based on Imposed Demands)
- REVERSIBILITY - use it or lose principle
- INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES; different responses to same stress
