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[LEC] Mycobacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

M. tuberculosis is killed by?

A
  • Moist heat
  • 10-minute boiling
  • Pasteurization
  • Autoclaving
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2
Q

AKA “Koch’s bacilli”/“Tubercle bacilli”

A

M. tuberculosis

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3
Q

Reservoir of M. tuberculosis?

A

Humans

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4
Q

MOT of M. tuberculosis?

A

Aerosols (inhalation/ingestion)

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5
Q

Doubling/Generation time of M. tuberculosis?

A

20-22 hours

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6
Q

Chronic granulomatous infection is associated to what Mycobacteria spp. ?

A

M. tuberculosis

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7
Q

T/F: Homeless are part of the risk group population for M. tuberculosis?

A

T

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8
Q

T/F: HIV patients are part of the risk group population for M. tuberculosis?

A

T

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9
Q

T/F: Drug/alcohol abusers are part of the risk group population for M. tuberculosis?

A

T

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10
Q

What are the first-line drugs for M. tuberculosis?

A

RIPES

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

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11
Q

What are the second-line drugs for M. tuberculosis? (MDR-TB)

A

Amikacin
Kanamycin
Capreomycin

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12
Q

What are the third-line drugs for M. tuberculosis?

A

Rifabutin
Macrolides
Linezolid

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13
Q

T/F: close contact with patients with MDR-TB could cause resistance to treatment/drugs for M. tuberculosis?

A

T

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14
Q

What is the typical duration of treatment following the administration of the BCG vaccine for M. tuberculosis?

A) 3-5 months
B) 6-9 months
C) 12-15 months
D) 18-24 months

A

B) 6-9 months

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15
Q

TB Found in cattle, other ruminants, dogs, cats, swine, parrots & humans

What mycobacteria spp is this?

A

M. bovis

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A) They differ significantly in pathogenicity and treatment approaches.

B) M. bovis is less pathogenic and requires a shorter treatment duration than M. tuberculosis.

C) The pathogenicity and treatment of M. bovis are similar to those of M. tuberculosis.

D) M. tuberculosis is primarily zoonotic, while M. bovis primarily affects humans.

A

C) The pathogenicity and treatment of M. bovis are similar to those of M. tuberculosis.

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17
Q

What are the species under M. avium complex?

A

M. avium
M. intracellulare
M. avium paratuberculosis

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18
Q

Reservoir of M. avium complex?

A

natural water

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19
Q

Portal of entry of M. avium?

A

Respiratory & GIT

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of pulmonary infections in humans that is similar to tuberculosis?

A

M. avium complex

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21
Q

Most common systemic infection in AIDS patients?

A

M. avium complex

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22
Q

M. avium complex

Slow grower or Rapid Grower?

A

slow grower

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23
Q

Which of the following best describes the typical presentation of a slowly progressive cavitary disease in M. avium complex?

A) It primarily affects young adults with no history of smoking.

B) It is most common in middle-aged men with a history of smoking and underlying pulmonary disease.

C) It progresses rapidly in individuals without any history of pulmonary disease.

D) It affects only non-smokers with a history of cardiovascular disease.

A

B) It is most common in middle-aged men with a history of smoking and underlying pulmonary disease.

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24
Q

Causative agent of Johne’s disease

A

M. avium paratuberculosis

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25
Crohn's disease is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. avium paratuberculosis
26
What is the recommended treatment for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections? A) Single-drug therapy with clarithromycin B) Multidrug therapy with clarithromycin, azithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampin C) Single-drug therapy with rifampin D) Multidrug therapy with isoniazid and pyrazinamide
B) Multidrug therapy with clarithromycin, azithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampin
27
M. kansasii Slow grower or Rapid Grower?
Slow grower
28
"Yellow bacillus" is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. kansasii
29
Which of the following statements is true regarding Mycobacterium kansasii infections? A) M. kansasii is highly contagious and spreads easily from person to person. B) M. kansasii infections primarily spread through direct contact with infected individuals. C) M. kansasii is not considered contagious from person to person. D) M. kansasii infections require isolation precautions similar to tuberculosis.
C.
30
Second most common cause of NTM lung disease is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. kansasii
31
it is associated with chronic pulmonary disease
M. kansasii
32
Diseases of fish. This is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. marinum
33
M. marinum is isolated in _____ ________?
fish aquariums
34
Reservoir of M. marinum?
Freshwater & saltwater
35
MOT of M. marinum?
Skin contact with water containing M. marinum
36
"Swimming pool granuloma" a. M.xenopi b. M. genavense c. M. tuberculosis d. M. marinum
d. M. marinum
37
Which of the following is a characteristic clinical feature of Mycobacterium marinum infection? A) Painful, greenish subcutaneous nodules B) Widespread rash with no nodules C) Tender, red or blue-red subcutaneous nodules D) Hard, black subcutaneous nodules
C) Tender, red or blue-red subcutaneous nodules
38
T/F: Is surgery/surgical excision a potential treatment option for Mycobacterium marinum infections?
T.
39
T/F: anti-tb drug therapy is also a treatment for M. marinum
T.
40
T/F: for M. scrofulaceum, anti-tb drugs are generally necessary
F. Not generally necessary
41
For M. marinum, they are RESISTANT to what R.I.P.E drug?
Isoniazid Pyrazinamide (IP)
42
For M. marinum, they are SUSCEPTIBLE to what R.I.P.E drug?
Rifampin Ethambutol (RE)
43
Third most common Mycobacteria spp is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. ulcerans
44
“Buruli ulcer” is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. ulcerans
45
“Tap water bacillus” is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. gordonae/M. aquae
46
Common contaminant in patients rinsing mouths with aerosolized saline in sputum collection
M. gordonae/M. aquae
47
One of most common NTM in Canada & SE England is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. xenopi
48
M. xenopi is first isolated from _______ ______?
African Toad
49
T/F: M. xenopi is recovered from hot & cold water taps
T.
50
T/F: M. xenopi is recovered from water storage tanks of hospitals and birds
T.
51
Which of the following antibiotics can be used in the treatment of Mycobacterium xenopi infections? A) Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin) B) Vancomycin C) Erythromycin D) Cefuroxime E) All of the above
E) All of the above
52
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Mycobacterium xenopi infections? A) M. xenopi is most commonly associated with pulmonary infections in adults who have predisposing conditions, such as COPD. B) M. xenopi primarily causes infections in healthy individuals with no predisposing conditions. C) M. xenopi infections are exclusively found in children. D) M. xenopi infections do not affect the respiratory system.
A) M. xenopi is most commonly associated with pulmonary infections in adults who have predisposing conditions, such as COPD.
53
T/F: M. genavense is a fastidious organism
T.
54
M. marinum Slow grower or Rapid Grower?
slow grower
55
M. ulcerans Slow grower or Rapid Grower?
slow grower
56
M. gordonae/M. aquae Slow grower or Rapid Grower?
slow grower
57
M. xenopi Slow grower or Rapid Grower?
slow grower
58
T/F: M. genavense Causes disseminated infections (in patients with AIDS)
T
59
Which of the following is TRUEregarding Mycobacterium genavense infections? A) M. genavense primarily causes respiratory infections in healthy individuals. B) The primary infection caused by M. genavense is tuberculosis. C) M. genavense infections are commonly found in healthy children. D) It is known to cause enteritis and genital and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised individuals.
D) It is known to cause enteritis and genital and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised individuals.
60
* Submandibular lymphadenitis * Subcutaneous nodules * Ulcers progressing to abscesses These are clinical infections associated with M. genavense TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE. these are associate with M. haemophilus
61
Cervical lymphadenitis (in children) is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. scrofulaceum
62
Patients infected with M. scrofulaceum are usually treated by surgical incision and drainage TRUE or FALSE
TRUE.
63
Isolated from lymph nodes of monkeys What mycobacteria is this?
M. simiae
64
* Pulmonary disease * Lymphadenitis * Skin lesions * Associated with HIV(+) patients These are clinical infections associated with M. simiae TRUE or FALSE
TRUE.
65
M. simiae is SUSCEPTIBLE to most anti-tb drugs TRUE or FALSE ?
FALSE. M. simiae is RESISTANT to most anti-tb drugs
66
* Pulmonary disease similar to TB * Extrapulmonary infections * Lymphadenitis * Bursitis These are clinical infections associated with M. szulgai TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
67
Almost always considered clinically significant (rarely recovered from environment) What is this mycobacteria?
M. szulgai
68
Reservoir of M. abscessus abscessus?
tap water
69
* Chronic lung disease * Otitis media These are clinical infections associated with M. abscessus abscessus? TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
70
M. abscessus abscessus? Slow grower or Fast grower?
Fast grower
71
M. szulgai Slow grower or Fast grower?
slow grower
72
M. haemophilum Slow grower or Fast grower?
Slow grower
73
M. chelonae Slow grower or Fast grower?
Fast grower
74
Odd man out, which one is a slow-growing mycobacteria? A) M. chelonae B) M. smegmatis C) M. fortuitum D) M. asiaticum
D) Mycobacterium asiaticum
75
Isolated from disseminated cutaneous infections (in immunocompromised patients) this is associated with what mycobacteria?
M. chelonae
76
Infections of: skin, lungs, bone, CNS, prosthetic heart valves these clinical infections are associated with what mycobacteria?
M. chelonae
77
T/F: M. fortuitum is sometimes susceptible to Amikacin and Sulfonamide
T.
78
T/F: M. chelonae exhibits more resistance to antimicrobial agents compare with M. fortuitum
T.
79
M. fortuitum group is/are isolated from the following: a.) water b.) soil c.) dust d.) all of the above
d.) all of the above
80
Rare causes of pulmonary, skin, soft- tissue & bone infections This associated disease with what mycobacteria?
M. smegmatis group
81
T/F: M. smegmatis group is commonly considered saprophytic
T.
82
T/F: M. leprae is a obligate extracellular parasite
F. obligate INTRACELLULAR parasite

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