[LEC] UNIT 1 - INTRO TO SI (HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE)

Question 1

Branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms

Answer 1

Immunology

Question 2

Immunology is the study of molecules, organs, systems responsible for the ______ and _______ of foreign material

Answer 2

recognition ; disposal

Question 3

Scientific study of serum and other body fluids

Answer 3

Serology

Question 4

In 430 BC, he recorded that individuals who had previously contracted plague recovered

Answer 4

Thucydides

Question 5

Thucydides recognized the ________ _______ of individuals

Answer 5

immune status

Question 6

In 1000 AD, ________ practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from smallpox lesions (variolation)

Answer 6

Chinese

Question 7

First recorded attempts to deliberately induce immunity took place in the ____ century

Answer 7

15th

Question 8

In the 15th century, people in China and Turkey inhaled powder made from

Answer 8

smallpox scabs

Question 9

Successfully prevented infection with smallpox by
injecting a less harmful substance—cowpox—from a
disease affecting cows

Answer 9

Edward Jenner

Question 10

T or F: Edward Jenner was a German country doctor

Answer 10

F

English

Question 11

What did Haeckel discover in 1862?

Answer 11

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Observed by chance that older bacterial cultures
accidentally left out on a laboratory bench for the
summer would not cause disease when injected
into chickens

Answer 12

Louis Pasteur

Question 13

Father of Immunology

Answer 13

Louis Pasteur

Question 14

What kind of vaccine did Louis Pasteur discover?

Answer 14

Live attenuated

Question 15

In 1885, live attenuated vaccine for _______ was first reported

Answer 15

rabies

Question 16

Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

Answer 16

Élie Metchnikoff

Question 17

awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physiology for his work with serum therapy

Answer 17

Emil Von Behring

Question 18

Theory proposed by Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato in 1890

Answer 18

Humoral theory of immunity

Question 19

demonstrated that diphtheria and tetanus
toxins, which are produced by specific microorganisms
as they grow, could be neutralized by the noncellular
portion of the blood, or serum, of animals previously
exposed to the microorganisms.

Answer 19

Behring

Question 20

Demonstration of cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

Answer 20

Koch

Question 21

Proponent of the antibody formation theory

Answer 21

Ehrlich

Question 22

Discovered immediate hypersensitivity anaphylaxis

Answer 22

Portier and Richet

Question 23

Linked the two theories (cellular immunity vs. humoral immunity

Answer 23

Almroth Wright

Question 24

Certain humoral/circulating factors that acted to
coat bacteria so that they became more
susceptible to ingestion by phagocytic cells

Answer 24

Almroth Wright

Question 25

increase nonspecifically in any infection

Answer 25

Acute-phase reactants

Question 26

Arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity was proposed by

Answer 26

Nicolas Maurice Arthus

Question 27

Hypothesis of antigen-antibody binding was proposed by

Answer 27

Marrack

Question 28

Hypothesis of allograft rejection was proposed by

Answer 28

Medawar

Question 29

What did Salk and Sabin discover in 1949?

Answer 29

Polio vaccine

Question 30

Discovered vaccine against yellow fever in 1951

Answer 30

Reed

Question 31

Graft-versus-Host reaction in 1953

Answer 31

Dick W. van Bekkum

Question 32

Clonal Selection Theory in 1957

Answer 32

Burnet

Question 33

Discovered Interferon (viral interference)

Answer 33

Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindemann

Question 34

Discovered Human Leukocyte Antigen or HLAs

Answer 34

Jean Dausset

Question 35

T cell and B cell cooperation in immune cooperation

Answer 35

Henry Claman

Question 36

Identification of antibody molecule

Answer 36

Edelman and Porter

Question 37

First monoclonal antibodies

Answer 37

Kohler, Milstein

Question 38

Identification of genes for T cell receptor

Answer 38

James P. Allison

Question 39

Pablo DT Valenzuela discovered

Answer 39

Monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine

Question 40

Th1 versus Th2 model of T helper cell function in 1986

Answer 40

Mossman

Question 41

Identification of Toll-like receptor in 1996 to 1998

Answer 41

Jules Hoffman and Bruce Beutler

Question 42

Gene discovered by Ramsdell and colleagues

Answer 42

FOXP3

Question 43

the gene directing regulatory T cell development

Answer 43

FOXP3

Question 44

Development of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine in 2005

Answer 44

Ian Frazer