Lec.1 Flashcards

intoduction (51 cards)

1
Q

What is scientific writing?

A

A technical form of writing that communicates scientific information to other scientists.

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2
Q

What is a common purpose of scientific writing?

A

Reporting original research in journals through research papers in standard format.

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3
Q

What does a scientific research paper provide?

A

An in-depth analysis, evaluation, or interpretation of a single topic based on evidence.

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4
Q

What is included in scientific writing besides research papers?

A

Reviews, grant proposals, oral & poster presentations, books or chapters, and theses.

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5
Q

What is a key characteristic of good scientific writing?

A

Clarity, avoiding unnecessary detail.

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6
Q

How should language be in scientific writing?

A

Direct, avoiding vague or complicated sentences.

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7
Q

When should technical terms be used?

A

Only when they are necessary for accuracy.

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8
Q

Why should assumptions be avoided in scientific writing?

A

To remain neutral and avoid unproven statements.

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9
Q

How should data collection and conclusions be presented?

A

Precisely, with evidence supporting conclusions.

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10
Q

What is the importance of logical structure in scientific writing?

A

Ideas should be presented in a logical order with clear sections.

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11
Q

Why is accuracy essential in scientific writing?

A

It avoids vague language and ensures specificity.

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12
Q

How should objectivity be maintained?

A

By supporting statements with evidence and acknowledging others’ work.

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13
Q

What is the most important characteristic of scientific writing?

A

Clarity, as it helps communicate the research effectively.

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14
Q

What is the axiom of science?

A

A scientific experiment is not complete until the results have been published and understood.

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15
Q

Who are some audiences scientific writing should consider?

A

Students, scientists outside the field, and non-native English speakers.

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16
Q

When did the first scientific journals appear?

A

In 1665, with Journal des Sçavans and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.

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17
Q

What is the primary function of scientific journals?

A

To serve as the main communication means in the sciences.

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18
Q

What are some principles of effective writing?

A

Cutting unnecessary words, using active voice, and writing with strong verbs.

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19
Q

Why is active voice recommended?

A

It uses subject + verb + object format for clarity and readability.

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20
Q

What does it mean to write with verbs?

A

Using strong verbs, avoiding noun forms, and emphasizing the main action.

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21
Q

How should complex phrases be handled?

A

They should be simplified to improve clarity.

22
Q

What is one way to avoid clutter in writing?

A

Removing words that serve no function or can be replaced with shorter words.

23
Q

Why should passive constructions be minimized?

A

They can make sentences ambiguous about who is doing what.

24
Q

What should every sentence in scientific writing strive to be?

A

Clear and stripped of unnecessary components.

25
Why should adverbs be used sparingly?
They often add redundant meaning already present in the verb.
26
What is one goal of effective scientific writing?
To make the sentence as strong and direct as possible.
27
What type of writing is scientific writing considered?
A technical form focused on empirical data and clear communication.
28
What is emphasized in scientific papers?
Statistical data, previous research, and strict citation practices.
29
What distinguishes a scientific review?
It summarizes and integrates previously published research.
30
What should a grant proposal include?
An application for funding with a clear scientific plan.
31
What type of language is favored in scientific writing?
Simple and direct to avoid confusion.
32
How should vague statements be handled?
They should be made precise and supported by evidence.
33
Why is clarity essential in scientific writing?
To ensure that research findings are received and understood by the audience.
34
Who are some key figures in early scientific writing history?
Louis Pasteur, known for developing the germ theory of disease.
35
What is a common issue in complex scientific writing?
Turning verbs into nouns, which weakens clarity.
36
How can clarity in scientific writing be maintained?
By using straightforward language and strong verbs.
37
What is a classic hallmark of academic writing?
Using complex language that can obscure meaning.
38
Why is stripping sentences important?
To make them more concise and impactful.
39
What is one technique to improve scientific writing?
Using specific and direct wording rather than broad terms.
40
How does effective writing impact scientific communication?
It ensures research is accessible to the intended audience.
41
What is a research thesis?
An in-depth study submitted as part of academic qualifications.
42
What kind of statements should be avoided in objective writing?
Unproven statements or assumptions.
43
How does scientific writing benefit from logical structure?
It guides the reader through the research systematically.
44
What is a key difference between scientific and general writing?
Scientific writing is structured, objective, and evidence-based.
45
What is one approach to avoid ambiguity in writing?
Using precise language and avoiding vague terms.
46
How should results be communicated in scientific writing?
In a manner that is clear, accurate, and logical.
47
Why is brevity valued in scientific titles?
To convey the main idea without unnecessary words.
48
What should be the focus of each section in scientific writing?
Clearly defined ideas that support the main research question.
49
What is the importance of structure in scientific writing?
To improve readability and comprehension.
50
What is one method to enhance writing clarity?
Cutting out superfluous words and using active language.
51
What impact does well-organized scientific writing have?
It helps readers follow and understand complex information more easily.