Lec3a3b Flashcards
(30 cards)
when did the first classification of organisms happen?
2000 years ago
the branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history
taxonomy
genes that confer a particular trait are homologous and have been exchanged between distantly related lineages
horizontal gene transfer
a trait has evolved independently in two or more lineages
convergent evolution
a trait present in the common ancestor is subsequently lost in some lineages but retained in others
gene loss
Functional diversity is the component of diversity that deals with diversity in form and function as it relates to ________________?
microbial physiology and ecology
in binomial nomenclature, what does the second word of a scientific name refer to?
species
Systematic taxonomists consider other evidence to confirm information contained
within the fossil record with other lines of evidence, like…
morphology, embryological patterns of development, chromosomes and macromolecules, cladistics
this often provides clues to evolutionary relationships
fossil record
it is a family tree that’s shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist
between organisms
phylogenetic tree
what is the system that organizes the tremendous diversity of organisms into a
phylogenetic tree?
systematics
in binomial nomenclature, what does the first word of a scientific name refer to?
Genus
what do modern taxonomists consider to classify organisms?
phylogeny
modern taxonomists split species into subsets called?
varieties
what are the 7 levels of organization?
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
how many levels does the modern system of hierarchical organization has?
7
Just like Aristotle’s main categories, Linnaeus first divided all organisms into two Kingdoms which were?
Plantae (plants) and Animalia (animals)
what did Linnaeus use to categorize the organisms?
the organism’s morphology (form and structure)
Linnaeus discovered a simple system for classifying and naming organisms which became the basis for modern taxonomy
Hierarchy
who is the father of modern taxonomy?
Carolus Linnaeus
why did Aristotle’s system become inadequate as new organisms were discovered?
- ) categories were not specific enough
- ) commons names did not describe a species accurately
- ) names were long and hard to remember
Aristotle placed the plants into three categories based on the differences of their?
stems
what are the three groups of organisms based on Aristotle’s early system of classification?
land dwellers, water dwellers, air dwellers
who made the first classification of organisms?
Aristotle
