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lecccc Flashcards

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1
Q

types of brain waves

A

alpha
beta
delta
theta

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2
Q

symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

A

Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Polyuria
fatigue

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3
Q

main regulatory functions of Endocrine system

A

control reproductive functions
water balance
heart rate and Blood pressure regulation
Ion Regulation

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4
Q

4 major functions of the Nervous System

A

Maintaining homeostasis
integrating information
control of muscle and glands
receiving sensory input

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5
Q

4 effects of Aging on the nervous System

A

Decrease sensory neurons
decrease motor neurons
Decrease size & weight
Decrease neuronal function

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6
Q

3 types of sensory receptors

A

photoreceptors
chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptors

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7
Q

3 disruptions to Pain receptors

A

local anesthesia
general anesthesia
gate control theory

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8
Q

4 functions of blood

A

transport gases, nutrients and waste
transport processed molecules
maintaining body temperature
clot formation

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9
Q

veins of abdomen and pelvis

A

ovarian vein
suprarenal vein
testicular vein

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10
Q

3 veins of lower limbs

A

Femoral Vein
Popliteal vein
Great suprarenous vein

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11
Q

4 functions of the heart

A

routing blood
generating blood pressure
ensuring 1 way blood flow
regulating blood supply

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12
Q

4 large veins carrying blood to the heart

A

Inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
pulmonary veins
coronary sinus

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13
Q

4 heart medications

A

Nitroglycerin
calcium channel blockers
Digitalis
Antihypertensive drugs

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14
Q

4 functions of circulatory system

A
  1. Carries blood
  2. Exchanges nutrients, waste products, and gases with tissues
  3. Transports substances
  4. Helps regulate blood pressure
  5. Directs blood flow to the tissue
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15
Q

thrombus freely floating in the bloodstream

A

Embolus

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16
Q

normal vision

A

20/20

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17
Q

gland found in upper part of thoracic cavity that secretes thymosin for immunity system

A

Thymus

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18
Q

type of glasses use if lenses are removed

A

concave

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19
Q

hormone that stimulates fats and favors protein breakdown

A

Growth hormone

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20
Q

connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles in the midbrain

A

cerebral aqueduct

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21
Q

meaty and savory taste

A

umami

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22
Q

fatty protective wrappings around the axon

A

myelin sheaths

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23
Q

blood pressure is most commonly taken in what artery

A

brachial artery

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24
Q

responsible for sexual emotions and homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

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25
bind to intracellular receptors in the target cell
Lipid soluble hormones
26
accumulation of aqueous humor due to blockage of venous ring
Glaucoma
27
chemical messenger secreted into the blood, travels to a distant target tissue
Hormones
28
may cause changes in the transcription and translation when bound to appropriate signals and typically bind to hydrophobic chemical signals
Intracellular receptors
29
chemical substances released from the presynaptic terminal and are normally broken down by enzymes
neurotransmitters
30
can cause constrictions in the blood vessels when present in large amounts
Antidiuretic hormone
31
lives for about 120 days in males and 110 in females, loses nuclei
RBC
32
removes bacteria and cell debris from CNS
Microglial
33
short branching cytoplasmic extensions that receives information
dendrites
34
when bind to antigen, result can be agglutination of cells
Antibodies
35
produced by kidney in response to low blood oxygen levels
Erythropoietin (EPO)
36
molecules that covered surface of RBC
Antigens
37
Neurotransmitters with clinical examples such as use of cocaine and amphetamines
Norepinephrine
38
250,000-4000,000 is the normal count for?
Platelet
39
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
pulse pressure
40
abnormally high WBCs
Leukocytosis
41
fluid or blood accumulates in pericardial cavity and compresses the heart
Cardiac Tamponade
42
rigid sickle chape
sickle shape anemia
43
performed when patients heart is scarred or deformed
Heart valve replacement
44
cranial nerves
lol
45
– reduce the rate at which Ca2+ diffuses into cardiac & smooth muscle cells to control the force of heart contractions & reduce arrhythmia
Calcium Channel Blockers
46
placed beneath the skin that is equipped with an electrode which provides an electrical stimulus to the heart at set frequency
Artificial Pacemaker
47
reduce blood pressure to decrease the heart’s workload
Antihypertensive Drugs
48
heart is Located in thoracic cavity between the two pleural cavities called the
mediastinum
49
a double-layered sac that anchors it within the mediastinum and protects heart; forms the pericardial cavity (space around heart);
Pericardium
50
– a tough connective tissue in outer layer
Fibrous Pericardium
51
inner layer; consists of flat epithelial cells with a thin layer of connective tissue
Serous Pericardium
52
a part of serous that lines the fibrous pericardium
Parietal Pericardium:
53
part that covering the heart surface
Visceral Pericardium / Epicardium:
54
– produced by the serous pericardium within pericardial cavity that helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium
Pericardial Fluid
55
located at the base of heart; functions primarily as reservoir, where blood returning from veins collects; its contraction forces blood into ventricles to complete ventricular filling (primer pump)
Atria
56
receives blood from three major openings:
Right Atrium
57
receives blood through the four pulmonary veins, which drain blood from the lungs
Left Atrium
58
– drain blood from most of the body
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
59
– drains blood from most of the heart muscle
Coronary Sinus
60
a partition that separates the two atria
Interatrial Septum
61
extend from the base toward the apex; major pumping chambers as they eject blood into the arteries and force it to flow through circulatory system (power pump)
Ventricles
62
– pumps blood into pulmonary trunk (pulmonary circulation)
Right Ventricle
63
thicker & contracts more forcefully as it pumps blood into aorta for systemic circulation
Left Ventricle
64
a muscle that separates the two ventricles
Interventricular Septum
65
extends around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles
Coronary Sulcus
66
arising from right ventricle; splits into right & left pulmonary arteries; carry blood to lungs
Pulmonary Trunk
67
– arising from left ventricle, carries blood to the rest of the body
Aorta
68
maintain the one-way flow of blood through the heart chambers;
Heart Valves
69
– located between each atrium & ventricle; allow blood to flow from atria into the ventricles but prevent it from flowing back into the atria; open when the ventricles relax
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves
70
– has 3 cusps between the right atrium & right ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
71
has 2 cusps between the left atrium & left ventricle
Bicuspid Valve / Mitral Valve
72
cone-shaped muscular pillars in each ventricle; muscles are attached by thin, strong, connective tissue strings, chordae tendineae, to the free margins of the cusps of AV valves; contract along with ventricles & prevent the valves from opening
Papillary Muscles
73
– located between each ventricle & its associated great artery; each valve consists of 3 pocketlike semilunar cusps; open when the ventricles contract
Semilunar (SL) Valves
74
between right ventricle & pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary SL Valve
75
between left ventricle & aorta
Aortic SL Valve
76
consists of fibrous rings that surround AV & SL valves & give them solid support; serve as electrical insulation between atria & ventricles and rigid attachment site for cardiac muscle
Cardiac Skeleton / Fibrous Skeleton
77
– supply oxygenated blood to the wall of heart; originate from the base of the aorta, just above the aortic SL valves
Coronary Arteries
78
– a thin, serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface
Epicardium –
79
thick middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cells; responsible for contraction of heart chambers
Myocardium –
80
smooth inner surface; allows blood to move easily through the heart; where heart valves are formed by its folds
Endocardium

M-anatomy (2 decks)

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