lect 1 neuro (c)

Question 1

Overall structural and functional relationships of the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

6

• right and left hemispheres
• gyri/sulci, lobes
• sensory cortical areas (somatosensory, visual auditory)
• motor cortex
• verbal/non-verbal language functions, dominance
• association cortex

Question 2

dominant hemisphere

Answer 2

usually the left.

-opposite side of your dominant hand.

Question 3

Frontal association cortex

Answer 3

5 
Intelligence
Personality
Behavior
Mood
Cognitive function

Question 4

Parietal association cortex

Answer 4

spatial skills
3D recognition
(shapes
faces
concepts
abstract perception )

Question 5

Temporary association cortex

Answer 5

Memory
Mood
Aggression
Intelligence

Question 6

found in both temporary and frontal associated cortex

Answer 6

mood

intelligence

Question 7

Non-dominant hemisphere

Answer 7

usually right

Non-verbal language
(body language)

Emotional expression (tone of language)

Spatial skills (3D)

conceptual understanding

Artistic/ Musical skills

Question 8

Effects of injury

Answer 8

Loss of non-verbal language

speech - lacks emotion

spatial disorientation

inability to recognize familiar objects

loss of musical appreciation

Question 9

___ produces several hormones

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

There are # types of connections between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. what are they?

In the # type and where are they released/absorbed into/to

The _______ carries these ____ directly to the ____ lobe of the _____, where they s___ or i___ _____ of _____ p___ H____.

Answer 10

2

Released into the capillary networks in the median eminence

bloodstream
hormones
anterior
pituitary
stimulate
inhibit secretions 
anterior pituitary hormones

Question 11

The pituitary gland is located ___ to the hypothalamus

Answer 11

anterior (in front of )

Question 12

What are the # hypothalamic hormones

Answer 12

1) secretory

2) inhibitory

Question 13

What are the # hypothalamic hormones

Answer 13

1) releasing

2) inhibitory

Question 14

What is the first type of hypothalamic connection with the pituitary.

______ hormones (____ and ___) are ___ into ____ ____ in the median eminence.

Answer 14

Hypothalamic hormones (secreting and inhibiting) are released into the bloodstream.

Hypothalamic
releasing
inhibiting
released
capillary networks

Question 15

Which stage of the connection with the pituitary (below).

Axons ___ from the ___ and ___ nuclei through the __ into the ____ lobe of the pituitary.

The __ ___ of these neurons make _ or _ hormones ( ____ or ____ ). Their ___ transport the hormones to the ____ pituitary, where they are ____.

Answer 15

Second

extend
paraventricular
supraceptic
infundibular
posterior 

cell bodies
oxytocin per..

Question 16

old brain and new brain names

Answer 16

old = archi cortex
new = neo cortex

Question 17

olfactory responsible for

Answer 17

ability to smell

Question 18

gyri vs sulci?

Answer 18

bumps vs valleys

Question 19

why is the outer cerebral cortext smooth of a rat

Answer 19

surface area to tightly pack neurons into the space

Question 20

What area of the brain diminishes as animals evolve ( ape to human)

Answer 20

old brain/ archi cortex

Question 21

whats anterior to the central sulcus

Answer 21

precentral gyrus

Question 22

whats posterior to the central sulcus

Answer 22

postcentral gyrus

Question 23

what cortex has developed the most in humans compared to rodents?

Answer 23

frontal cortex

Question 24

What does the frontal cortex comprise of ?

Answer 24

only pre central no post central gyrus

superior, median, inferior frontal gyrus

Question 25

borders of the parieto-occipital suclus?

Answer 25

occipital notch to the parito

Question 26

what are the two anterior and posterior poles/lobes of the brain

Answer 26

anterior - frontal pole | posterior - occipital pole

Question 27

temporal lobe comprised of # units. what are they?

Answer 27

superior median inferior temporal gyrus

Question 28

parietal lobe comprises of

Answer 28

post central gyrus

Question 29

apex of brain =

Answer 29

top

Question 30

what gives rise to temporal lobe

Answer 30

lateral fissure

Question 31

what gives rise to the frontal lobe

Answer 31

central sulcus

Question 32

forebrain vs midbrain vs hindbrain from a medial view

Answer 32

Forebrain (large chunky bit) goes around from frontal cortex to occipital lobe (doesn't include cerebellum, pons, medulla). Midbrain (small segment between hind brain and forebrain) Hind brain (comprises of the medulla, pons, cerebellum)

Question 33

corpus callosum has a large bundle of ___ matter. what does it do?

Answer 33

white | carres information from right to left

Question 34

from medial view of the brain. The hind brain is seen as ___ to the forebrain.

Answer 34

inferior (below)

Question 35

area of the primary motor cortex/strip? and function?

Answer 35

precentral gyrus large cells. To house large cells that will project from the motor cortex down into the spinal cord to then link up with another cell and that cell will take information out to the peripheral muscle.

Question 36

homonculus definition

Answer 36

"body map" | representation of the entire body in the ....

Question 37

what areas create a homonculus?

Answer 37

primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)

Question 38

homonculus surface area divided based on sensitivity/ most dexterity. Meaning, areas that such as hands, and face are where most of ____ are localised.

Answer 38

neurons

Question 39

premotor cortex aka ____ | responsible for ___

Answer 39

planning cortex | planning what movements need to be made

Question 40

what does SMAGLA stand for?

Answer 40

Super marginal angular gyrus language area

Question 41

eye area ?

Answer 41

in the precentral gyrus

Question 42

Broca's area function?

Answer 42

plans movement of speech to bring about smooth vocalisation

Question 43

whats the order of speech?

Answer 43

``` Brocas area (plan movement of speech) then informs> primary motor cortex in precentral gyrus (activates the nerves of the body that are required to make those sounds ) ```

Question 44

whats the anterior most part of the frontal cortex (in front of the planning cortex)

Answer 44

frontal association cortex

Question 45

what is the frontal association cortex involved with?

Answer 45

``` intelligence personality behaviour mood cognitive function ```