Lect 7

Question 1

What is the best way to determine delivery dates in the dog?

Answer 1

Hormonal ovulation timing,
LH surge 65 days
Ovulation 63 days
Fertilization 60 days

Question 2

What is the best way to determine delivery dates in the cat?

Answer 2

must rely on signs of labor since they are induced ovulators

Question 3

What hormone(s) causes onset of labor?

Answer 3

Rising PGF2Alpha and fetal cortisol

Question 4

Which species has change in gestation depending on litter size?

Answer 4

Dogs (large litter - shorter gestation, small litter - longer gestation)

Question 5

How is late stage gestation pregnancy maintained?

Answer 5

progesterone levels above 5 ng/ml

Question 6

What is an indirect progesterone assay, owners could do at home?

Answer 6

temperature drops to less than 99 when progesterone drops from luteolysis

Question 7

What is the most reliable method for assessing fetal stress?

Answer 7

Ultrasound

Question 8

Normal heart rate of fetus?

Answer 8

180 - 220 bpm

Question 9

What are the signs of stage 1 labor?

Answer 9

Panting, nervous, restless, nesting, vomiting
6 to 12 hours (24 - 36 first time moms)
Long stage 1 labor may be due to uterine inertia

Question 10

stage 2 labor

Answer 10

contraction of uterus
visible abdominal straining
Green/clear fluids passed
+/- amniotic sac visible

Question 11

how long after on set of stage 2 labor should the first fetus be delivered?

Answer 11

within 4 hours
within 20 minutes when visible at caudal pelvic canal
Whole litter within 12 hours

Question 12

What would be a sign that Stage 2 labor is abnormal?

Answer 12

Red fluid

Labor continues beyond 24 hours

Question 13

What happens in stage 3 labor?

Answer 13

Passing of placenta
Shortening of uterus
Rest period of 1 to 2 hours

Question 14

What are 6 causes of complete primary uterine inertia?

Answer 14

small litter size (poor stimulation)
Large litter, over distended uterus
Systemic disease
Electrolyte imbalance
Fatty infiltration of uterus
Uterine age

Question 15

What is partial primary uterine inertia?

Answer 15

Normal birth canal
Some fetuses born
Uterus becomes fatigued

Question 16

When is C-section indicated with inertia?

Answer 16

complete primary uterine inertia
- partial primary and secondary inertia
sx may be needed if more than 4 fetuses remain

Question 17

What is happening with secondary inertia?

Answer 17

uterus is exhausted due to obstruction to passage of fetus
Obstruction due to:
-narrow canal, large fetus, abnormal presentation, malformation, stricture

Question 18

Vaginal examination should check for

Answer 18

fluids, relaxation of vagina, presence of fetus in pelvic inlet. STERILE lube, sterile gloves

Question 19

What is the Ferguson reflex?

Answer 19

The stimulation of uterine and abdominal contraction as fetus (or any object) stretch the vagina in the pelvic canal.

Question 20

What medications should you have ready to give for dystocia

Answer 20

IV fluids
10% glucose (for hypoglycemia)
10 % calcium gluconate - SQ (hypocalcemia)
Low dose oxytocin 0.25 to 0.5 units per bitch or queen maximum dose of 2 units per bitch
max is 3 doses!

Question 21

T/F OVH after C-section will affect milk production and the mothers instinct

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Drugs okay to give for C-section

Answer 22

Oxygen, glycopyrrolate for dam (vagal stimulation with uterine manipulation), propofol, iso, local anesthetic, oxytocin, tramadol

Question 23

What drug must you AVOID during a C-section?

Answer 23

Atropine (leads to esophagitis)
Dexmedetomidine (cardiodepressant)
opioids (resp. dep)
traquilizers, ketamine, barbiturates (dep)
NO (hypoxia to fetus)
NSAIDS (nephron in neonates not developed)

Question 24

What should be done before pulling the puppies entirely out of the uterus in a C-section?

Answer 24

Clamp off the umbilical cord to minimize blood loss from puppy

Question 25

What oral medication stops uterine contractions?

Answer 25

Terbutaline