Lecture 09 - Robot Perception and Expression of Emotions

Question 1

Emotions are a mix of (3):

Answer 1

1. conscious experience
2. expressive behavior
3. physiological activation

Question 2

What are social signals?

Answer 2

Communicating intentions without words

Question 3

List the most used non-verbal behavioral cues in HRI (6):

Answer 3

eye gaze
posture 
facial expressions
gestures
synchrony of movement
lower-upper standing
interpersonal distance

Question 4

What is the uncanny value?

Answer 4

Mori’s hypothesis states that as a robot is made more humanlike in its appearance and motion, the emotional response from a human being to the robot will become increasingly positive and empathic, until a point is reached beyond which the response quickly becomes that of strong repulsion

the more human-like, the more we anthropomorphize, but if something is very close to a human and it is just off, we get an uncanny feeling.
Movement has a stronger uncanny effect than appearance

Question 5

Name the functions of emotions in social communication (7):

Answer 5

1. communicate internal states
2. alert others
3. show empathy or understanding for someone’s situation
4. gives feedback
5. better acceptance
6. interaction appears more natural
7. robot can influence human reaction

Question 6

Difference between moods and emotions:

Answer 6

emotions

• shorter term
• directly from a source
• indicative facial expressions and body language
• higher intensity

moods

• long-term
• do not know the origin
• low intensity

Question 7

What are the three types of models or schemes or theories that can help a robot to recognize and interpret the right emotions

Answer 7

• Categorical scheme
• Dimensional theories
• The appraisal theory of emotion

Question 8

Name a categorical scheme and explain it

Answer 8

• interpretation of expressions of emotion in terms of basic emotions
• Ekman’s six basic emotions: joy, sadness, disgust, surprise, anger, and fear

Question 9

Explain what LMA (Laban Movement Analysis) is

and name the main components

Answer 9

is a framework for qualitative evaluation of movement

main components are:

• body
• space
• shape
• effort

Question 10

Explain the circumplex model of affect:

Answer 10

Valence-Arousal model by Russell.

2 axes, namely valence and arousal

Question 11

Explain the appraisal theory of emotion by James Lange

Answer 11

There are two routes to emotion. Physiology precedes the emotional experience

stimuli do not have an intrinsic value; the meaning of a stimulus is determined by a particular human in a particular context, and at a particular moment in time, leading to elicitation and differentation of emotions

Question 12

Three main approaches to measure affect in interaction:

Answer 12

1. through behaviour
2. physiology
3. conscious experience