Lecture 1-1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

• Anything that occupies space and has mass

- Made up of atoms/molecules

Question 2

Solids

Answer 2

Have a fixed shape and mass

Question 3

Liquids

Answer 3

• Take the shape of their container

- Has fixed volume with horizontal surface

Question 4

Gas

Answer 4

Expand to fill their container

Question 5

Mixture

Answer 5

Physical combination of two or more substance that retain their individual properties
Ex: sugar water

Question 6

Pure substance

Answer 6

Form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties
Ex: table sugar/sucrose

Question 7

Compound

Answer 7

Pure substance which can be broken down into a simpler substance by a chemical charge

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

Pure substance that cannot be broken down

Primary constituent of matter

Question 9

Atom

Answer 9

Smallest particle of an element.

• Has properties of its element
• Can enter chemical combination
• Composed of protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

Two or more atoms joined together, linked by chemical bond

- Can be made of the same of different atoms

Question 11

Ion

Answer 11

Atoms with a net ionic charge due to loss or gain of electrons

Question 12

Electron

Answer 12

stable negatively charged component of an atom

- Charge of 1.602x10^-19 coulombs

Question 13

Molecular compound

Answer 13

Pure substance formed by two or more atoms of different non-metals that share a covalent bond
- Linked by sharing electrons

Question 14

Ionic compound

Answer 14

Substance formed by ions linked together by electrostatic forces (ionic bond)

Question 15

Physical Property

Answer 15

Measurable characteristic that does not change the composition of matter
Ex: color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, density

Question 16

Physical change

Answer 16

Change to the physical state, form or properties of matter
- Does not change the chemical composition of the substance
Ex: liquid to solid

Question 17

Chemical property

Answer 17

A property or characteristic observed during a reaction where the identity or chemical composition of the substance is changed
Ex: toxicity, flammability, heat of combustion, acidity

Question 18

Extensive property

Answer 18

Depends on the amount of matter present

- Ex: mass, volume

Question 19

Intensive property

Answer 19

Does not depend on the amount of matter present

Ex: temperature

Question 20

Describe an atoms makeup

Answer 20

• Small core - nucleus: made of positively charged protons/uncharged neutrons
• Nucleus surrounded by large volume of space containing negatively charged electrons

Question 21

Where is most of the atoms mass contained?

Answer 21

Nucleus bc protons/neutrons are heavier than electrons

Question 22

Atomic mass unit

Answer 22

• (1/12 the mass of a carbon atom containing six protons and neutrons)

Question 23

1 amu = ?

Answer 23

1 amu = (1.6605x10^-24)g

1 amu = 1 Da (Dalton) = 1 u (unified atomic mass unit)

Question 24

Fundamental unit of charge (e)

Answer 24

the magnitude of the charge of an electron e= (1.602 x10^-19)C

Question 25

Atomic number (Z)

Answer 25

number of protons

Question 26

Mass number (A)

Answer 26

protons+electrons

Question 27

Number neutrons

Answer 27

A-Z | mass number-number of protons

Question 28

Neutral atom

Answer 28

same number of protons and electrons

Question 29

Ions

Answer 29

Atom does not have the same amount of protons and electrons | They are electrically charged

Question 30

Atomic charge

Answer 30

protons-electrons

Question 31

Anion

Answer 31

Gain electron - negatively charged

Question 32

Cation

Answer 32

Lose electron | Postively charged

Question 33

Chemical symbols

Answer 33

Abbreviation used to indicate an element of an atom | each element has a unique chemical symbol associated to a unique atomic number

Question 34

Isotope

Answer 34

``` Atom with the same number protons, but neutrons differ Isotopes with a slightly different mass Ne-20 (10 neutrons) Ne-21 (11 neutrons) Ne-12 (12 neutrons) ```

Question 35

Atomic mass

Answer 35

approximately equal to atoms mass number

Question 36

Molecular formula

Answer 36

Represents a molecule using chemical symbols and subscripts indicating number of types of each atom

Question 37

Structural formula

Answer 37

H-O-H

Question 38

Empirical formula

Answer 38

Give the relative number of atoms of each element in the compound (Molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms)

Question 39

Give empirical and molecular formula of H2O2

Answer 39

Empirical: HO Molecular: H2O2

Question 40

Isomers

Answer 40

Molecule with the same formula but different structures

Question 41

Learn periodic table column names

Answer 41

b

Question 42

Metals characteristics

Answer 42

Good conductors of heat and electricity • Malleable • Ductile • Tend to lose electrons when they undergo chemical changes

Question 43

Nonmetals characteristics

Answer 43

* poor conductors * tend to gain electrons * can be solid, liquid or gas

Question 44

Mettaloids characteristics

Answer 44

• have mixed properties • have intermediate and temperature dependant electrical conductivity

Question 45

Noble gas characteristics

Answer 45

mostly unreactive

Question 46

Alkali Metals

Answer 46

Reactive • Lose one electron from chemical change to have same number of electrons as nearest noble gas

Question 47

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 47

fairly reactive • lose two electrons from chemical change to have same number of electrons as nearest noble gas

Question 48

Halogens

Answer 48

very reactive non-metals • gain one electron from chemical change to have same number of electrons as nearest noble gas

Question 49

Density

Answer 49

Ration of mass over volume of a substance at a specific temperature Units: g/cm3 or g/mL (reminder 1 cm3 = 1 mL) d=m/V

Question 50

Temperature (K)

Answer 50

Kelvin Conversion: 0 C is equivalent to 273.15 K K = C + 273.15 K

Question 51

Accuracy

Answer 51

How close a measured value is to an actual value

Question 52

Precision

Answer 52

How close a series of measurement are to one another and how reproductible they are

Question 53

Teaxt book

Answer 53

Chapter 1: 8-92 | Chapter 2: 10-19, 27-30