Lecture 1

Question 1

Hazard

Answer 1

a process that poses a potential threat to people or the environment

Question 2

Risk

Answer 2

The probability of an event occurring multiplied by the impact on people on the environment

Question 3

Disaster

Answer 3

A brief event that causes great property damage or loss of life

Question 4

Catastrophe

Answer 4

A massive disaster

Question 5

Most likely to be catastrophic

Answer 5

Tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, floods

Question 6

Less likely to be catastrophic

Answer 6

Landslides, avalanches, wildfires, tornadoes

Question 7

The impact of a hazard is a function of both its ________ and __________

Answer 7

Magnitude, frequency

Question 8

Magnitude-Frequency Concept

Answer 8

There is an inverse relationship between magnitude and frequency

Question 9

The Geologic Cycle

Answer 9

Tectonic Cycle, Rock Cycle, Hydrologic Cycle

Question 10

The Tectonic Cycle

Answer 10

Involves the creation, movement and destruction of tectonic plates

Question 11

Tectonic Plates

Answer 11

Large blocks of the Earth’s crust that form its outer shell; there are 14 plates

Question 12

Inner Core

Answer 12

Extremely hot and solid

Question 13

asthenosphere (upper mantle)

Answer 13

composed of hot magma with some flow

Question 14

Lithosphere

Answer 14

a thin and brittle crust

Question 15

The two types of crust are:

Answer 15

Oceanic and Continental

Question 16

Oceanic Crust

Answer 16

dense, thin (averages 7km thickness)

Question 17

Continental Crust

Answer 17

relatively buoyant, thick (average 30km thickness)

Question 18

The ____ forms the upper part of the _______ and is broken into _________ (plates)

Answer 18

crust, lithosphere, fragments

Question 19

What causes the movements of the plates?

Answer 19

convection currents within the mantle

Question 20

Types of plate boundaries

Answer 20

convergent, divergent, transform

Question 21

Divergent Plate Boundaries

Answer 21

• plates move away from each other
• new land is created at these locations
• divergence results in seafloor spreading and causes oceanic ridges to form

Question 22

Convergent Plate Boundaries

Answer 22

• plates move toward each other

Question 23

Convergent Plate Boundaries: Collisions involving oceanic and continental crust result in:

Answer 23

Subduction Zones:

• dense ocean plates sink and melt
• the melted magma rises to form volcanoes

Question 24

Collisions involving two continental plates result in:

Answer 24

Collision Boundaries:

• neither plate sinks
• tall mountains tend to form (Himalayas)

Question 25

Transform Boundaries

Answer 25

plates slide horizontally past each other

Question 26

The zone along which the movement occurs is called a

Answer 26

transform vault

Question 27

The Rock Cycle

Answer 27

- a rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals - the rock cycle refers to a group of interrelated processes that produce the three different rock types: - igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 27

The Rock Cycle

Answer 27

- a rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals - the rock cycle refers to a group of interrelated processes that produce the three different rock types: - igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 28

The Hydrologic Cycle

Answer 28

The movement and exchange of water among the land, atmosphere, and oceans by changes in state

Question 29

What is necessary in order to reduce loss?

Answer 29

predication and forecasts

Question 30

Prediction

Answer 30

A specific time, date, location and magnitude of the event

Question 31

forecast

Answer 31

a range of probability for the event

Question 32

Theme 2:

Answer 32

Understanding Hazardous Processes to Evaluate Risk

Question 33

Theme 2:

Answer 33

Understanding Hazardous Processes to Evaluate Risk

Question 34

Risk =

Answer 34

(probability of event) x (consequences)

Question 35

Consequences

Answer 35

damage to people, property, the environment, the economy

Question 36

Acceptable risk:

Answer 36

the amount of risk that an individual is willing to take

Question 37

What determines acceptable risk?

Answer 37

the frequency of an event

Question 38

Theme 3:

Answer 38

Hazards are Linked

Question 39

Theme 4

Answer 39

The Increasing Risk of Hazards

Question 40

Theme 5:

Answer 40

Consequences can be Reduced

Question 41

Direct Effects:

Answer 41

deaths, injuries, displacement of people, damage to property

Question 42

Indirect Effects

Answer 42

crop failure, starvation, emotional distress, loss of employment

Question 43

Reactive Approaches to Hazards

Answer 43

recovery, search and rescue, providing emergency food, water, shelter and rebuilding

Question 44

Proactive approaches to Hazards

Answer 44

``` land-use planning building codes insurance evacuation planning disaster preparedness artificial control ```

Question 45

What are benefits called in Hazardous Events?

Answer 45

Natural Service Functions | ex: flooding provides nutrients for soil

Question 46

What are the major course themes?

Answer 46

1. Hazards can be understood 2. The understanding of hazardous processes is needed to evaluate risk 3. Hazards are linked to each other 4. Population growth and socio-economic changes are increasing the risk from hazards 5. The consequences of hazards can be reduced

Question 46

What are the major course themes?

Answer 46

1. Hazards can be understood 2. The understanding of hazardous processes is needed to evaluate risk 3. Hazards are linked to each other 4. Population growth and socio-economic changes are increasing the risk from hazards 5. The consequences of hazards can be reduced