Lecture 1

Question 1

What a student SLP needs to know:

Answer 1

-Articulatory phonetics and phonetic transcription: must be able to describe the speech sound
-Phonological development: at what age do children acquire certain sounds
-Speech sound assessment processes
-Speech sound intervention, general approaches
-Speech sound intervention, specific approaches

Question 2

A simple model of sentence production:

Answer 2

Intent/idea-> syntactic/semantic-> phonologic-> phonetic-> motor

Question 3

Phonetic inventory?

Answer 3

What sounds are present in the client’s system that can be combined into syllable and word shapes?

Question 4

Phonemic inventory?

Answer 4

How do sounds contrast to signal word meaning in the child’s expressive vocabulary?

Question 5

Phonotactic inventory?

Answer 5

What are the syllable and word shapes present in the client’s repertoire?

Question 6

Phonological patterns?

Answer 6

Can systematic modifications be identified in the words spoken by the child?

Question 7

What is a word?

Answer 7

Express meanings on their own

Question 8

What is a syllable?

Answer 8

Vowel is the nucleus; initial consonant is the onset; final consonant is the coda; nucleus and coda are the rhyme; onset and nucleus are the body

Question 9

What is a phone?

Answer 9

Speech sounds used by the speaker in a language, may not be used contrastively

Question 10

What is an allophone?

Answer 10

Speech sounds produced differently but still recognized as an actualization of the same phoneme
- “t” in top vs. not

Question 11

What is a phoneme?

Answer 11

Speech sounds used contrastively in a language (think minimal pairs)
- A mental representation

Question 12

What is a vowel?

Answer 12

relatively open vocal tract; nucleus of the syllable; all languages have at least three; most common is five

Question 13

What is a stop?

Answer 13

complete constriction of the vocal contract; all languages have stops

Question 14

What is a nasal?

Answer 14

closed oral vocal tract, noncontinuant consonant (airflow interrupted in the oral cavity);most languages have at least one nasal; most are voiced

Question 15

What is a liquid?

Answer 15

relatively open vocal tract but more closed than vowels; most language have at least one

Question 16

What is a fricative?

Answer 16

narrow constriction in the oral cavity, sound is continuous; 93% of all languages have at least one fricative

Question 17

What is a glide?

Answer 17

slight constriction, more than vowels but less than liquids; 86% of languages have glides

Question 18

What is a distinctive feature?

Answer 18

Articulatory/perceptual characteristic of phones that differentiate one phone from another

Examples including voicing, aspiration, rounding, etc.

Question 19

Syllable Structure Processes?

Answer 19

Final Consonant Deletion
Cluster Reduction
Weak Syllable Deletion

Question 20

Substitution processes?

Answer 20

Fronting
Stopping
Gliding
Depalatalization
Deaffrication

Question 21

Assimilation processes?

Answer 21

Progressive Assimilation – a preceding sound influences a following one (e.g., dog –> dod)

Regressive Assimilation – a following sound influences the preceding sound (e.g., dog -> gog)