Lecture 1

Question 1

Kinetics

Answer 1

Describes the effect of forces on the body

Torques, f=ma

Question 2

Kinematics

Answer 2

Describes the motion of the body

Translation, rotation, position velocity

Question 3

Combined loading

Answer 3

Compression and torsion

Question 4

Stress-strain curve

Answer 4

The idea that a muscle can either become plastic or elastic, depends on age, health of tissue, time and rate of loading

Question 5

Stress

Answer 5

Internal resistance

Ex different colored Therabands

Question 6

Strain

Answer 6

Change in length

Stretching one theraband differently

Question 7

Internal forces

Answer 7

Active OR passive

Question 8

External forces

Answer 8

Gravity, loads, weight

Question 9

Active forex

Answer 9

Contractile tissue

Question 10

Passing force

Answer 10

Non-contractile tissue (bone, fascia)

Question 11

Sagittal plane

Answer 11

Medio lateral axis

Question 12

Front/coronal plane

Answer 12

Anteroposterior axis

Question 13

Transverse plane

Answer 13

Vertical axis

Question 14

Oblique plane

Answer 14

Migrates during motion

Question 15

Planes vs axis

Answer 15

Planes = indicate movement
Axes = used for testing. Perpendicular to planes

Question 16

Osteokinematics

Answer 16

Motion of the bones relative to planes. What we see and measure

Es: abduction/adduction

Question 17

Arthrokinematics

Answer 17

Motion that occurs between articular surfaces of joints. What we feel and assess

Ex: types of joints, concave vs convex, fundamental motions

Question 18

Fundamental motions

Answer 18

Roll, slide, spin

Question 19

Concave and convex joints

Answer 19

Improve surface area/congruency, dissipate force, guides motion

Question 20

Concave on convex

Answer 20

Rolls and slides in similar directions

Question 21

Convex on concave

Answer 21

Rolls and slides in opposite direction (convex)

Question 22

Closed chain

Answer 22

Limb is stationary and touching the ground or exercise equipment (squat)

Question 23

Open packed

Answer 23

Less surface area, capsule & ligaments are lax, accessory movement is maximized. Surrounding muscles are contracting more. Joints at rest are in open packed

Question 24

Closed packed

Answer 24

More joint congruency, ligaments & capsule are taut, accessory movements are minimal

Question 25

End feel

Answer 25

Tells us about the health of the joint End of ROM Used in PROM

Question 26

Moment arm

Answer 26

Perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation of the joint and the force

Question 27

Torque

Answer 27

Rotational Force + moment arm

Question 28

Muscles that have force but no moment arm

Answer 28

Stabilize a joint or region

Question 29

Moment arm changes when

Answer 29

Leverage changes or length/tension relationship changes

Question 30

Force couple

Answer 30

Muscles produce force in difference linear directions but a resulting torque in the same rotary direction

Question 31

Concentric

Answer 31

Shortening

Question 32

Eccentric

Answer 32

Lengthening

Question 33

Function of a lever

Answer 33

Convert a linear force into a rotary torque

Question 34

First class lever

Answer 34

Fulcrum is in the middle of the lever, between the external & internal force. Seesaw Head balanced in sagittal plane

Question 35

Second class lever

Answer 35

Fulcrum, external force, and internal force Plantar flexión of ankle in WB

Question 36

Third class lever

Answer 36

Internal force in between fulcrum and external force Most common in body because they allow full ROM Muscle force has to be much greater than the external force to isometrically maintain position of some muscles

Question 37

Mechanical advantage

Answer 37

Ratio of internal moment arm to external moment arm how efficient a lever is more MA means less effort required

Question 38

Passive length tension

Answer 38

The more the muscle stretches out, the more that it wants to return to its original position Protects joints and muscles Muscular force generation if actin myosin isn’t optimal

Question 39

Active length tension

Answer 39

Actin myosin bridges Amount of force directly proportional # of cross-bridges Needs to be right length or not enough torque

Question 40

Combining active and passive tensions

Answer 40

Larger range of muscle forces over a wide range of muscle lengths