Lecture 1

Question 1

what is cancer

Answer 1

abnormal cell growth
uncontrollable
chronic

Question 2

neoplasm

Answer 2

new growth or an abnormal masse

Question 3

two categories of malignant neoplasm (cancer) in a mammal

Answer 3

tumor
hemotologic

Question 4

tumor

Answer 4

abnormal mass of solid tissue

Question 5

hematologic

Answer 5

abnormal mass in a fluid

Question 6

examples of hematologic

Answer 6

myeloid (bone marrow)
lymphoid

Question 7

classes of neoplsia

Answer 7

benign
precancerous
malignant

Question 8

oncology

Answer 8

branch of medicine dealing with cancer

Question 9

why is cancer dangerous

Answer 9

loss of function an organ
can spread from non vital organ to a vital organ

Question 10

what does cancer do in organ to kill it

Answer 10

displace healthy cells
invade vital tissue structures

Question 11

how to diagnose

Answer 11

visual inspection
blood screens
imaging scans
sensation or physiological change
leads to biopsy

Question 12

histopathology

Answer 12

for tissue that is solid

Question 13

cytopathology

Answer 13

for hematological test

Question 14

prognosis

Answer 14

“likely outcome based on characteristics and steps involved”

Question 15

types of cancer therapy

Answer 15

chemotherapy
targeted antibody
surgery
radiation
immunotherapy
stem cell transplant

Question 16

healthy cells have ___ copies of each gene

Answer 16

2

Question 17

how are the two copies of each gene expressed in a cell

Answer 17

expressed by RNA to become a protein
sometimes they are both expressed and sometimes only partially

Question 18

two mutation cell types

Answer 18

somatic and germline

Question 19

somatic mutations

Answer 19

principle cause of cancer
not in germ cells, sperm, or eggs
formed after the individual has filly grown

Question 20

germline mutations

Answer 20

inheritable
increased likelihood that family members have that cancer

Question 21

G2, G3

Answer 21

proto-oncogene

Question 22

P2,P3

Answer 22

protein product of proto-oncogene

Question 23

G2*

Answer 23

oncogene

Question 24

G1, G4

Answer 24

tumor suppressor genes

Question 25

P1 and P4

Answer 25

protein products of tumor suppressor genes
growth division and invasion migration