lecture 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
what happens every time you recall a memory?
certain details of that memory change with each recollection
why is memory fallible?
memory is not perfect
tell me everything about case HM
he had an epilepsy and had his bilateral temporal lobe removed. This resulted in anterograde amnesia. He could not form new and long term memories. Ability to learn new skills were retained.
Things learned in HM’s case study?
there are many different types of memory
there is implicit vs explicit
different types of memories are supported by different areas of the brain
what did Aristotle do?
compared the human mind to a blank slate.
compared memory to wax
“storehouse metaphor”
what is Aristotles law of contiguity?
items/events that occur to each other in space or time tend to get linked together in the mind
law of frequency?
the more often two items/ events are linked, the more powerful will be that association
law of similarity?
if two things are similar, the thought of one will tend to trigger the thought of the other (when you think of a tiger, you will think of a lion but not the eiffel tower )
law of contrast?
Seeing or recalling something may also trigger the recollection of something completely opposite (you think of the summer time and then you think of winter. Something that is completely different from each other)
who are the roman philosophers?
cicero, quintillian
what is the method of loci?
memory palace
who is Ebbinghaus?
hes the first person to study memory using a scientific approach
what did Ebbinghaus do?
he would create nonsense syllables.
For some words he would wait hours, days or even weeks and then recorded them based on his memory.
Because of this, he created the forgetting curve
who tf is barlett (1932)?
he rejected the idea of studying memory using meaningless factors and uses complex materials like folk tales.
Remembering involves reconstructing information from the bits that are stored mixed with prior knowledge
what does schema mean?
general world knowledge structures about commonly experienced / stereotype aspects of life
For example, if you go to a country that you have never been to before, and at a restaurant they serve a type of food that you have never seen before, you will remember what the food looks like, probably how it tastes and this will be your schema for that type of food, should you encounter it again in the future.
what’s a memory test?
basic, pen and paper memory tests
Animal models?
Researchers often turn to animals like rats and mice to uncover fundamental principles of memory.
mouse maze race
Neuroscience approaches?
allow us to peer into the intricate workings of the human brain to uncover the secrets of memory.
MRI
EEG
Modality?
the route in which information is conveyed (through sight sound and smell)
what’s Short Term memory (STM) ?
this is automatic
you smell some food in the subway and even after you left the place, you can kinda smell it still
Relations of small amounts of material over periods of a few seconds
An example can be you getting a code from your phone to log into your account and then you forget it afterwards
Working memory (WM)?
When youre doing a math question and you remembered the formula, or when you talk to someone and briefly remember that they went to france so you can continue with the convo
what’s Explicit memory?
also known as declarative memory
memory that is open to intentional retrieval
you’re fighting your gf and you’re trying to forget about it but you keep thinking about it
what’s episodic memory?
memory for unique events defined by their spatial and temporal context
ex. You recall the details of a specific bday party you attended. You think about the location, people present, and the time it took place. This was originally called mental time travel.
what’s semantic memory?
knowledge about events about the world or oneself
