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Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pre-embryonic stage

A

secondary oocyte–> sperm cells–> fertilization–> second polar body –> zygote–> cleavage from 2 celled to 8 celled (this is at hour 30) –> morula (hour 72) –> blastocyst –> implanted blastocyst (day 6)

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2
Q

zygote

A

the moment the ovum is fertilized and has chromosomes from the mother and father

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3
Q

After zygote stage

A

cell division then mitosis and during this it is travelling down fallopian tube to uterus
* hour 72 is morula

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4
Q

between day 6 and 10

cells of pre-embryonic stage

A

blastocyst implants to uterus

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5
Q

placental cells

A

outer cells of blastocyst called trophoblast

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6
Q

embryo cells

A

inner cells of blastocyst

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7
Q

function of progesterone in pre-embryonic stage

A

allows for strong blastocyst implantation and more vascular endometrial lining

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8
Q

embryonic stage

A

10-12 days after fertilization until 8 weeks
- organogenesis occurs (formation of organs)

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9
Q

First system created in embryo stage

A

cardiovascular

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10
Q

embryonic period

A

organ development, abortion is common at this point, highly susceptible to teratogens

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11
Q

fetal stage

A

11 weeks gestation to birth
- officially a fetus

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12
Q

week 3 organ

A

heart and CNS

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13
Q

week 4-5 organ

A

eyes, arms, legs

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14
Q

week 6 organ

A

teeth and ears

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15
Q

week 7 organ

A

palate

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16
Q

week 8-9 organ

A

external genitals

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17
Q

week 9-16 organ

A

brain

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18
Q

placental development

occurs when

A

occurs with first contact of outer shell of developing blastocyst with the uterine mucosa

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19
Q

3 functions of placenta

A

circulation, protection, hormone production

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20
Q

Hcg

production location and what it is

A

produced by placenta; value looked at in pregnancy test

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21
Q

estrogen

purpose for pregnancy

A

allows for growth of uterus and growth and development of mammary glands for breastfeeding

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22
Q

fetal circulation

pathway

A

placenta accepts deoxygenated blood via umbilical arteries then blood flowing through placenta picks up oxygen and is brought to fetus via umbilical vein then to the liver then to right side of heart

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23
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

hole between right and left atrium that allows oxygen rich blood to go from right to left atrium –> ventricle –> then aorta

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24
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

sends oxygen poor blood to organs in lower half of fetal body

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25
prenatal care during first trimester
1-2 visits - bloodwork, assessment, dating ultrasound
26
prenatal care during second trimester
3-4 visits - ongoing assessments, fetal assessment, anatomy ultrasound at week 18/20, GDM
27
prenatal care during third trimester
3-5 vitis - maternal and fetal assessments, GBS swab at 35 weeks
28
fundal height measurement
should be correlated to weeks of gestation with 2 cm leniency
29
Leopold maneuver | what does it determine and what needs to be done immediately before
fetal lie, presentation, attitude, position - important to empty bladder first
30
first maneuver of leopold | determines what
determines where fetal head and bum are
31
2nd leopold maneuver | determines what
determines where fetal back is (where doppler goes)
32
3rd leopold maneuver | determines what
determines how low the baby is - station
33
4th leopold maneuver | determines what
determines degree of fetal extension into pelvis
34
healthy pre-pregnancy weight
BMI 18.5-24.9
35
recommended weight gain for healthy BMI
11.5kg-16kg (25-35lb)
36
weight gain for BMI less than 18.5
12.5-18kg (28-40lb)
37
weight gain for BMI of 25.0-29.9
7-11.5kg (15-25lb)
38
weight gain for BMI 30 or over
5-9kg (11-20lb)
39
recommended fetal movement in 2 hours
6 movements - should be laying on side or sitting when assessing
40
Nonstress test
woman pushes button every time she feels baby move - baby HR is compared during movement and contractions; should increase when it moves
41
variability of HR determines..
normal pH
42
decelerations of HR determines..
O2 levels/deprivation
43
contractions indicate what for fetus
may be cause of O2 deprivation
44
accelerations of HR is what in terms of pH..
a marker of normal pH
45
baseline fetal HR
110-160
46
moderate variability in HR
5-25bpm - this is ok
47
absent variability
0-1bpm
48
minimal variability
less than 5bpm
49
marked variability
greater than 26 bpm - could be due to hypoxia or cord compression
50
accelerations
normal; result of fetal movement - should be 15x15 and subside in 2 min
51
early decelerations
occurs early in contraction - could be due to head compression - lowest point of decel is at highest point of contraction
52
late decelerations
occurs after onset of contraction and reflects shape of contraction - could be due to placental insufficiency - starts to dip down when contractions has already been occuring
53
variable deceleration
onset varies in timing with onset of contraction - abrupt drop - could be due to cord compression
54
clamping of the umbilical cord at birth
it is done to stimulate baby's lungs to start working because CO2 goes up when it is clamped
55
initial newborn assessment 3 points
done within first few minutes of birth, determines need for resuscitation, delayed cord clamping 60 seconds
56
Appearance (APGAR)
if pink - 2 if blue extremities- 1 if pale or blue- 0
57
Pulse (APGAR)
greater than 100- 2 less than 100- 1 no pulse- 0
58
Grimace (APGAR)
cries/pulls away- 2 grimace/weak cry- 1 no response- 0
59
Activity (APGAR)
active- 2 flexed arms/legs- 1 no movement- 0
60
Respiration (APGAR)
strong cry- 2 slow/irregular- 1 no breathing- 0
61
baseline respirations
30-60
62
baseline temperature
36.5-37.2
63
conduction as a mechanism for heat loss
transfer of heat by direct contact - prewarmed surface or skin to skin
64
convection as a mechanism for heat loss
cool air in the hospital - putting blankets on baby
65
evaporation as a mechanism for heat loss
drying baby body to ensure not heat is lost to cool/wet secretions
66
radiation as a mechanism for heat loss
don't put baby by cold window
67
Vitamin K prophylaxis | purpose and what it prevcents
given because neonates lack intestinal flora to make vitamin - prevents hemorrhagic disease of newborn
68
umbilical cord consists of..
2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein

L&D (7 decks)

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