Lecture 1 Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
Group of sheep
A
Flock
2
Q
Intact male sheep >1 yr
A
Ram
3
Q
Female sheep >1 yr
A
Ewe
4
Q
Castrated male sheep or goat
A
Wether
5
Q
Sheep offspring
A
Lamb
6
Q
Male sheep <1 yr
A
Ram Lamb
7
Q
Female before 1st lamb or <1 yr
A
Ewe Lamb
8
Q
When does a ewe lamb become a ewe?
A
When she has her first lamb or turns 1 yr old (whichever comes first)
9
Q
When does a ewe have her first lambing event?
A
Usually less than 1 yr
10
Q
Hogget
A
Ewe lamb
11
Q
Where is the term Hogget used
A
NZ, Aus, UK
12
Q
Group of goats
A
Herd or trip
13
Q
Intact male goat >1 yr
A
Buck
14
Q
Male goat <1 yr
A
Buckling
15
Q
Female goat >1 yr
A
Doe
16
Q
Female goat <1 yr
A
Doeling
17
Q
Goal offspring
A
Kids
18
Q
Billy and Nanny Goat
A
No
19
Q
Sheep chromosomes #
A
54
20
Q
Sheep gestation length
A
147 days
21
Q
Sheep avg birth weight
A
2.5-6 kg
22
Q
Sheep wean age
A
42-120 days
23
Q
Sheep wean wight
A
15-30 Kg
24
Q
Goat chromosome #
A
60
25
Goat gestation length
150 days
26
Goat birth weight
2.7-4 kg
27
Goat age at weaning
90-120 days
28
Goat weaning weight
16-27 kg
29
Breed of sheep or goat changes...
Gestation length
Birth weight
Weaning age and weight
30
Birth weight and weaning weight are heavily influenced by...
Offspring #
(single, twin, etc)
31
Weaning weight is mainly influenced by...
Operation management (feed, care,etc)
32
Horn presence difference
Sheep = polled
Goat = horned
33
Horn position difference
Sheep = side and coiled
Goat = top (closer) up and back
34
Tails difference
Sheep = long tail
Goat = short upturned
35
Beards difference
Sheep = none
Goat = present
36
Face shape difference
Sheep = round
Goat = narrow
37
Body shape difference
Sheep = stocky
Goat = more lanky
38
Coat difference
Sheep = wool
Goat = hair
39
Goat horn removal
Disbud pre 21 days (COP)
Safety and management
40
Horn purpose
1 Protect the skull (butting)
2 Heat regulators
41
Polled goats
Dominant mutation linked to abnormal sexual development
42
Horned goats
Wildtype, recessive linked to normal sexual development
43
Polled intersex syndrome (goats)
PP genes associated with fertility problems in female goats
44
Genetically Female PP goats
Don't fully develop into male or female because of homozygous polled mutation
45
Homozygous polled goats
AVOID - Breed polled to horned
46
Genetically male PP goats
sterile
47
What is unique about sheep and goat eyes
They have an elongated pupil
48
How far around themselves can a sheep or goat see
330 degrees
49
What is the importance of specialized eyes?
Seeing predators
They are prey animals
50
Where is a sheep or goats blindspot
30 degrees directly behind them
51
Dentition in sheep and goats
is the same
52
Where are there teeth missing
front upper jaw
hard dental pad to chew against
53
Are teeth missing at birth
yes, until about 1 week of age
54
Which teeth are used to age animals
the front 8 on the bottom jaw
55
How many molars are there
24 (6 per side, top and bottom)
56
How are animals aged when they are past the 8 tooth stage
based on BCS and teeth ware
57
When is meat considered old according to dentition (mutton not lamb)
after the 2 tooth stage
58
Lambs teeth stage
Birth to 12 mo
8 milk teeth on bottom
59
2 tooth stage
12-19 mo
2 incisors, 6 milk teeth on bottom
60
4 tooth stage
18-24 mo
4 incisors, 4 milk teeth
61
6 tooth stage
23-36 months
6 incisors, 2 milk teeth
62
8 tooth stage
24-48 mo
8 incisors
63
How are milk teeth replaced by incisors
middle to outside
64
What kind of hoof do sheep and goats have
Cloven (split)
with 2 dew claws
65
What components make up the hoof
Tough sole (middle)
Hard nail (covering)
66
What is special about goat hooves
They can clamp to grab rock and spread to steady themselves
67
What should be considered when penning goats
They can climb, pens may need lids
68
Sheep and goat kingdom
Animalia
69
Sheep and goat Phylum
Chordata
70
Sheep and goat class
Mammalia
71
Sheep and goat super order
ungulatea
72
Sheep and goat order
Artiodactyla
73
Sheep and goat suborder
Ruminantia
74
Sheep and goat Family
Bovidae
75
Sheep and goat Subfamily
Caprinae
76
Sheep genus
Ovis
77
Domestic Sheep Species
Aries
78
Goat genus
Capra
79
Domestic Goat species
aegagrus
80
Goat subspecies
Hircus
81
Other Sheep species
Muflon
Bighorn
Dall
82
Main ancestor of Domestic sheep
Muflon
83
Muflon species
musimom
84
Bighorn species
Canadensis
85
Dall sheep species
????
86
Mountain Sheep
Bighorn and Dall
87
Other Goat species
Bezoar
West Caucasian tur
Nubian Ibex
88
Main Ancestor of domestic goats
Bezoar
89
Goat antelope
Related, but not true goats
Antelope horns (up not back)
4 teats not 2
90
Species of goat antelope
Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra)
NA Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus)
91
NA mountain goat traits
Goat antelope ancestor
Migrated from Siberia in ice age
Lives on steep cliffs
Has short Horns
Molts
92
Goat sheep species
Bharal or Blue Sheep (pseudois)
93
Goat sheep characteristics
54 chromosomes
All other traits like goats
94
Domestication
11000 yrs ago
Fertile crescent (SW Asia)
95
Original use of Sheep and Goats
Food and Hides
Not wool
96
What trait was selected for 5-6000 yrs ago
Wool (coat quality)
97
Pre Domestication how were sheep and goats different
They weren't
Differentiation happened post-domestication
98
What lead to the rapid change in traits of sheep and goats
Their fast reproduction rate
99
Traits resulting in domestication
Herd animals
Fast reproducing
Adaptable to captivity
Self sufficient young
100
How were sheep and goats adaptable to captivity?
Bondability with humans
Follow leaders (low stress)
101
Domestication changed X traits in sheep and goats
Smaller body and horn size
Polled versions
Colour variation
102
Domestication changed X traits in Sheep
Tail development
Fleece/wool developed separate from hair
Stopped molting their wool
103
Domestication changed X in goats
Horn Curve became more blunt
104
Sheep population in Canada
Fairly steady after drop post WWII
105
Goat population in Canada
Steady increase since the 1990's
106
Reasons for raising sheep
Meat, wool and pelts, milk, vegetation control, Pets/hobby
107
Benefits to sheep grazing
They fit more places (under solar pannels)
108
Meat from sheep
Lamb (pre 8 tooth stage/2 yr)
Mutton (post 2 yr)
109
Difference b/w lamb and mutton
Age (2 yr)
Prep methods (mutton more seasoned)
Location (lamb more western)
110
Sheep milk production for...
Home consumption (asia and africa)
Major product (Mediterranean)
Cheese
111
Sheep cheese types
Feta (greek)
Pecorino (ittalian)
Manchego (spanish)
Roquefort (french)
112
How frequently do sheep need sheering
1x/yr
113
How is sheep wool classed
Fibre diameter (fine, med., course)
114
Is sheep wool production increasing
No
Replaced by synthetic fibers
May increase with interest in renewable resoures
115
Wool colour
Darker not as easy to dye, less desired
116
Wool Benefits
flame resistant
Warm even when wet
Hypoallergenic
117
Sheep coat composition
Hair and wool
Most hair = shed
Most wool = need sheering
118
How can sheep pelts be marketed
As Shearling or Napa leather
119
Shearling
Sheep pelt with wool still on
120
What is shearling used for
Rugs, Clothing, Footwear, Medical Sheepskins
121
Napa Leather
Sheep pelt with wool removed
122
Specialized pelt sheep
Young lambs have silky patterned hide used for persian lambskin hats
123
Specialized pelt sheep breeds
Karakul and Astrakhan
124
Sheep Meat breeds
Suffolk, Hampshire, Canadian Arcott, Dorset
125
Sheep Milk breeds
East Friesian
126
Sheep Wool breeds
Merino
127
Sheep Dual purpose (meat and wool)
Rambouillet, Romney, Columbia, Polypay
128
Sheep Dual purpose (meat and milk)
Rideau Arcott, Awassi
129
Sheep breeds with highest lambing percentage
Rideau arcott and Romanov
130
Reasons for raising goats
Meat, Fibre, Milk, Hides, Horns, Labor, Vegetation Control, Pets/hobby
131
What breed of sheep needs shearing 2x/yr
Valais Blacknose
132
Meat produced by goats
Chevon
133
Goat meat demand in Canada
Increasing due to population changes (immigration)
134
Are there religious restrictions on Goat or sheep meat
Sheep = yes
Goat = No
135
Meat from milk fed goats (4-8 wks)
Cabrito
136
Goat milk uses
cheese, yogurt, butter, ice cream, soap
137
Goat milk qualities (compared to cows)
Higher protein
Lower calories, fat and cholesterol
138
Goat milk digestion
Fat particle or AA size?? allows lactose intolerant people to consume it
139
Goat Fiber compared to sheep wool
Softer
Considered a luxury textile
140
Fiber produced by angora goats
Mohair
141
Mohair (angora goats) compared to sheeps wool
Doesn't felt
Elastic
Used for clothing and blankets
142
Types of fiber from goats
Mohair and Cashmere
143
Cashmere fiber compared to sheeps wool
Not as warm
Used for clothing
144
How are goat horns used
pet treats and decoration
145
Common goat hobby use
goat yoga
