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Sheep + Goat > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

Codes of practice developed by

A

Producers, CFIA, Vets, Transporters, etc
Well rounded group for accuracy

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2
Q

Are the codes of practice law

A

No
The requirements are enforced by law

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3
Q

What information do the codes of practice outline

A

Requirements (enforced by law)
Recommendations (best practice for enhanced quality of life)

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4
Q

Codes of practice requirements

A

Bare minimum care for each animal

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5
Q

Where are the codes of practice located

A

Online with open access
there is no excuse to not know the required practices

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6
Q

What are the three main requirements outlined in the codes of practice

A

Shelter
Feed
Water

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7
Q

Shelter requirements

A

Must be accessible at all times
Can be natural or man made

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8
Q

Shelter considerations

A

Heat: shade, shear time, water
Cold/wind: windbreak, lambing/kidding time, shear time, bedding

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9
Q

If an operation has natural shelter would they shear later or earlier

A

later

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10
Q

if sheep are huddled what does that mean

A

they are cold, need better shelter

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11
Q

Special goat kid requirement

A

Must be protected from wind and chills the first week of life

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12
Q

When housing animals indoors what consideration should be made

A

Space requirement

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13
Q

When housing goats indoors what is one requirement

A

At least one form of physical enrichment
Climbing or brushes

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14
Q

What is social enrichment (required for sheep and goats)

A

They must have at least one pen mate/friend

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15
Q

Fencing/pens

A

designed to prevent entrapment and in good repair

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16
Q

What is common sheep fencing

A

page wire or at least 5 strand barbed wire
Shouldn’t be able to fit their heads through

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17
Q

What is considered a fence in good repair

A

no sharp edges or protrusions that an animal could cut themselves on

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18
Q

What are the two requirements for feed

A

feeders designed for animal type
space for everyone to eat at once

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19
Q

How should feeders be designed

A

height at neck/brisket to allow neck movement
Space for heads and horns to easily fit through

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20
Q

When animals are younger what should be different about their feeders

A

the bar should be lower

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21
Q

Why is space for all animals required

A

When feeding once a day all animals rush in and can be injured

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22
Q

Feeder space for non-pregnant ewes

A

8 inches

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23
Q

When do animals need more space at feeders

A

When they are bigger, wooly, pregnant, or feed is limited

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24
Q

If feed is free access at all times do animals need more or less space

A

Less (not rushed)

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25
If feed is delivered once or ewes are pregnant how much space do they need
12 inches
26
Generally what height do sheep and goats like to eat at
chest height or higher
27
As bedding builds up what has to change with feed
Feeders must be lifted
28
2 water requirements
Provided or accessed fresh daily Design and placement should prevent contamination
29
How often does fresh water have to be provided
daily
30
If water is contaminated what should be done
It should be cleaned ASAP
31
What should waterer design take into account
cleanliness and number able to access at once
32
Why might animals go off feed
Their water is contaminated, empty, bad
33
Which groups is snow not an acceptable source of water for
Wethers, feedlot lambs, lactating ewes, all goats
34
When is snow an acceptable source of water
sheep are in good condition there is enough of it the snow is clean
35
When do sheep need more water
Lactation and sickness
36
Advantages of raising sheep
3 products multiple "crops" per year (meat and wool)
37
Why are sheep a good animal to raise
They have high reproductive rates
38
In what ways are sheep reproductive rates fast
Short gestation multiple births (>100%) >1 lambing/year
39
As long as you pick the right breeds what reproductive traits of sheep improve their reproductive rate
Breed multiple times a year Lamb out of season
40
What reproductive rates can sheep maintain under the right management
3 lambings in 2 years 2 lambings in 1 year
41
Which operations have higher reproductive rates
Milk Need to breed to make milk
42
Disadvantages of sheep production
Predation Weather Labor Fencing
43
Sheep Predators
Coyotes, Foxes, Wolves, Lions, Eagles, Bobcats, Bears, Dogs
44
Predation control
Barns, fences, guard animals
45
How is the weather a problem for sheep producers
Wet, Cold, Sand, Humidity
46
What conditions are freshly shorn ewes and newborn lambs most susceptible to
Cold and Wet
47
How does sand affect Sheep
It gets in their fleece reducing quality during wind and drought conditions Dulls shearing blades
48
How does humidity affect sheep
Lung problems (pneumonia) Internal parasite living conditions favored Skin problems
49
What behavior is seen in cold conditions
Crowding
50
How is crowding bad for sheep herds
Crushing of middle sheep (weak or little)
51
How can shearing be done to minimize environmental impact
Don't do when bad weather is expected Provide shelter afterwards Leave a small layer of fleece
52
What happens to the wool under wet conditions
Foose rot and lumpy wool
53
When is the most labor needed on a sheep operation
During lambing and shearing
54
Why are fencing costs so high for sheep operations
you need more expensive materials or more of the regular materials It needs better maintenance than cow fences, easier to get out
55
How should one heat up cold lambs
Warming box Vehicle Warm water
56
What is considered a large flock
>500 ewes
57
What is considered a medium flock
100-499 ewes
58
What is considered a small flock
<100 ewes
59
What is considered a micro flock
<10 ewes
60
What is the usual purebred flock
200/medium (manageable paperwork size)
61
What is the source of breeding stock in sheep flocks
Purebred flocks
62
Which type of flocks mainly produce meat or milk
Commercial Flocks
63
Type of sheep management systems
Range Farm flocks (total or semi confined) Feedlot lambs Dairy sheep
64
Which types of sheep management systems are extensive
Range Farm flocks (sometimes)
65
Which types of sheep management systems are intensive
Farm flocks Feedlot lambs Dairy Sheep
66
Range flocks characteristics
Large flocks Grazing Guard with dogs/other
67
How are range flocks maintained
pasture grazing and supplemental tubs
68
1 cow/calf pair is equivalent to
5 ewe/lamb pairs
69
What kind of supplement needs to be provided to sheep
It depends on what the land already has Usually supplied in tubs
70
What kind of fencing system is used in range systems
Rotational grazing Night pens (predator)
71
how are dogs used in a range system
To guard or herd
72
When do range flocks generally lamb
On grass in late spring When the snow is gone (prevent loss form weather)
73
When do range flocks wean
Fall
74
When do range flocks breed
Late fall
75
Where are range flock lambs marketed after weaning in the fall
Feedlot (weaned early or small) Slaughter (good size)
76
How long do lambs stay on their ewes on a range system
As long as possible
77
In which system might ewes wean their lambs without intervention
Range (especially when conditions aren't good for the ewe to support the lamb)
78
What is the main economic driver for range flocks
Max kg lamb/ewe/year
79
Advantages to range flocks
low feed costs Marginal land profit co species grazing weed control (toxin resistant)
80
What toxic plants are sheep resistant to
Leafy Spurge Tansy Ragwort
81
When is a range flock sheep gestating
Dec 5 to may 1 ish
82
During lambing in Range flocks what changes in regard to management
Pens shrink to monitor more closely
83
Water management in range flocks
test reduce mud haul to increase quality
84
Range flocks are marketed in fall when lamb prices are
Lowest
85
Why do range flocks need close monitoring
They will eat the grass to the dirt
86
What mothering problem is more common in range flocks
Mismothering (loose lambs, take others)
87
What kind of pasture management is essential for future grazing
Large enough land base
88
Lambing percentage is high and mortality is low in range flocks
False, lambing percentage is lower and mortality is higher
89
Why is lambing mortality higher in range flocks
Storms and mismothering Predation
90
How much water does a lactating ewe need in a day
6.5L
91
How much water does a dry ewe need in a day
4.5L
92
How does rotational grazing help range flocks
increases use of land without damage reduces parasite ingestion Prevents picky eater selection
93
How do range flocks get replacement ewes
From their own flock (Flock together)
94
What weight is marketed to slaughter after weaning
>32kg (50kg)
95
Are feeder lambs sold to lots or kept
Depends on operations
96
If feeder lambs are kept on operation what is the protocol
Deworm Feed hay and concentrates
97
when are range flocks shorn
before or after lambing (not during) Labor and weather dependent
98
Farm flocks most common type
Semi confined
99
Semi confined farm flock characteristics
grazing and dry lot pens with sheds Ewes graze during summer after weaning in spring
100
Advantages of semi confined farm flocks
cheap feed and low labor at times Close monitoring and controlled feed at high need times
101
Total confined farm flocks
Always in a controlled environment (barn or dry lot) NO grazing
102
Important aspects of farm flocks
Breed selection (mostly meat, tough) Kg lamb/ewe/year
103
Management goals of farm flocks
multiple births low mortality optimum growth rate
104
Are farm flocks on accelerated breeding schedules
They can be Often breed 1x/yr for easter slaughter
105
When are farm flocks weaned and marketed
Spring (easter)

Sheep + Goat (2 decks)

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