lecture 1 Flashcards
metacogmition
outcomes
-Define thinking and metacognition.
-Define critical thinking and list the c-ritical thinking skills.
-Describe the habits that support -critical thinking.
-Apply critical thinking skills.
what is thinking?
is purposeful mental activity that is both conscious and sub conscious
Thinking involves other mental activities such as:
Recognizing: a thought
◻ Remembering: Renewing a previous thought
◻ Reasoning: Controlled thinking while being aware of a
problem and finding a solution
◻ Imagining: Dreaming, creating situations/thoughts
◻ Emoting: Giving emotion towards a thought
◻ Deciding: Final step before acting/deciding
what is metacognition?
-thinking about thinking
planning
organizing thoughts/self assessing
self-correcting
problem solving
completing a task
avoiding distractions
all these examples have the similarities of thinking and adapting
what are the 6 skills related to critical thinking?
Interpretation: Recognizing without bias
Analysis: Detecting arguments; analyzing arguments
Inference: Forming a hypothesis/conclusion/theory
Evaluation: Critical assessment of claims
Explanation: Understanding how you came to your judgement
Self-Regulation: Check your understanding
what are the 6 types of thinking from talk ?
Interpretation/recognizing/remember
Analysis/forming an argument and detecting them
Inference/forming hypothesis/theories
Evaluation/critical assessment
Explanation/Understanding how you came to your judgment
Self regulation- checking understanding
all ways of thinking are interconnected?
True they work together
How can we improve our thinking? 4 approaches/ways
Distinction between objects and ideas
Systems -breaking things down and building new ideas or concepts from them
Relationships-discovering connections between and among ideas
Take multiple perspective- allows us to get a better understanding form all angles to better take a stance on the subject
Knowledge acquisition, what are the ways it can be gained?
superstition define
intuition define
authority define
what is critical thinking?
It is the the art or ability to reason and decide what is and is not true. Is RATIONAL*
Not based on:
-emotion
-closed minded approach
-dishonest
-lazy intellectually do the research
critical thinking requires all 6 skills about thinking
interpretation: Recognizing without bias
❑Analysis: Detecting arguments; analyzing arguments
❑Inference: Forming a hypothesis/conclusion/theory
❑Evaluation: Critical assessment of claims
❑Explanation: Understanding how you came to your
judgement
❑Self-Regulation:
what are GOOD critical thinking habits ?
Evidence]-seeking
◻Open-mindedness
◻Analytical
◻Systematic
◻Inquisitive
what are BAD critical thinking habits ?
Poor
◻Intellectually dishonest
◻Intolerant
◻Heedless of
consequences
◻Hostile toward reason
◻Indifferent
Critical thinking allows one to ?
challenge ASSUMPTIONS
formulate DEEPER QUESTIONS
draw sound conclusions and TEST them against criteria
be open minded, to new ways of thinking
communicate well with others
reliable/ credible information
Knowledge is quired in 3 ways. What are they?
Superstition: Based on subjective thoughts; interpreting
random and magical events
Examples: Full moon, rabbit foot, 13 bad luck
- Intuition: Gain knowledge while not consciously aware
Example: Gut feeling - Authority: Person in an authoritative position
Example: Professor, doctor, government
*Not always an expert!
label the 3 knowledge acquisition in order of reliability.
Authority- Most
Intuition -More
Superstition-least
Information mountain triangle
goes from bottom least quality of information to higher more quality
examples of information places to quire knowledge
- Top-Most reliable/ quality
-systematic reviews
-meta analysis
-lit reviews - Middle -Studies
-cohort
-case
-randomized
-peer revied - bottom-background/web resources
-encyclopedias
-news papers
-magazines
The ways of acquiring knowledge?
Rationalism: Based on logic; not always accurate; deduction (general to specific)
Empiricism: Gained via experience; inductive (specific to general)
Science: Combination of rationalism and empiricism
what is an example of rationalism ?
Deductive reasoning
-general premises → specific conclusion
premise 1 all men are married
premise 2 Paster Matt is married
conclusion paster Matt is married
what are the 2 criteria of Deductive reasoning to find out whether or not something is true?
validity and Soundness
1.Argument is VALID if the conclusion follows the premise
2.Argument is SOUND if both premises are true
the argument is valid because Paster matt is married but is not sound because not all pasters are married.
Empiricism- inductive reasoning
specific premises → general conclusion
Premise: Birds fly into the air but eventually come down
Premise: People who jump into the air fall back down
Premise: Rocks thrown into the air come bacPremise: Balls thrown into the air come back down
k down
Conclusion: What goes up must come down
Inductive reasoning evaluates what?
An inductive argument is true based on if its strong or weak. It does not prove the conclusion
strong- if its compelling
weak- if its not supported by its premises
