Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is the Turtle Technique ?
When children felt themselves becoming angry, they were to move away from other children and retreat into their “turtle shell”, where they could think through the situation until they were ready to emerge from the shell
What is a meta-analysis ?
A method for combing the results from the indepedent studies to reach conclusions based on all of them
What are natavists ?
Argue that evolution has created many remarkable capabilities that are present even in early infacy, particularly in areas of special importance
What are empiricists ?
Argue that infants possess general learning mechanisms that allow them to learn a great deal quite quickly, but lack the specialized capabilities that natavists attribute to them
What is nature ?
refers to our biological endowment, in particular, the genes we receive from our parents
What is nurture ?
refers to the widerange of environment, both physically and social, that influence our development
What is a genome ?
each person’s complete set of hereditary information
What is epigenetics ?
the study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment
What is methylation ?
a biochemical process that reduces expression of a variety of genes and is involved in regulating reactions of stress
What is continuous ?
Changes occur gradually, in small increments
What is discontinuous ?
changes with age include occasional large shifts
What are stage theories ?
propose that development occurs in a progression of distinct age-related stages
What is effortful attention ?
involves voluntary control of one’s emotions and thoughts
What are neurotransmitters ?
Chemicals involved in communication among the brain cells
What is the Activation Systems Consiladtion Theory ?
Posits that two interconnected brain areas, the hippocampus and the cortex, simultaneously encode new information during learning
