Lecture 1 Flashcards

Question

Haematopoietic stem cells can’t self renew true or false? What cells do Haematopoietic stem cells differentiate into?

Answer 1

They can self-renew asymmetric cell division. Self-renew and differentiate into all types of blood cells They are pluripotent (Multipotent) Haematopietic stem cells: They differentiate into either lymphoid progenitor or myeloid progenitor. The lymphoid one continues to get T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes while myeloid continues to get RBCS,Granulocytes,monocytes,platelets CD means clusters of differentiation. Surface markers that play a role in their differentiation into different lineages.

Answer 2

Surface markers are crucial for hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are formed. They help guide the differentiation of stem cells into various blood cell types, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Through interactions with the cell's environment, including signaling molecules and other cells, surface markers regulate gene expression and determine the fate of the cell. By expressing different combinations of surface markers, cells can be identified and sorted into different populations, aiding in the study and application of hematopoiesis for medical purposes. Surface markers vary depending on the cell type and its stage of differentiation, but some common examples in hematopoiesis include CD34, CD45, CD19, CD3, and CD14. These markers are used to identify and characterize different cell populations within the hematopoietic system. For instance, CD34 is found on hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, while CD45 is expressed on all nucleated hematopoietic cells. CD19 is specific to B cells, CD3 to T cells, and CD14 to monocytes. These surface markers help researchers isolate and study specific cell populations involved in hematopoiesis.

Answer 3

Surface markers are crucial for hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are formed. They help guide the differentiation of stem cells into various blood cell types, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Through interactions with the cell's environment, including signaling molecules and other cells, surface markers regulate gene expression and determine the fate of the cell. By expressing different combinations of surface markers, cells can be identified and sorted into different populations, aiding in the study and application of hematopoiesis for medical purposes. Surface markers vary depending on the cell type and its stage of differentiation, but some common examples in hematopoiesis include CD34, CD45, CD19, CD3, and CD14. These markers are used to identify and characterize different cell populations within the hematopoietic system. For instance, CD34 is found on hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, while CD45 is expressed on all nucleated hematopoietic cells. CD19 is specific to B cells, CD3 to T cells, and CD14 to monocytes. These surface markers help researchers isolate and study specific cell populations involved in hematopoiesis.

Answer 4

Production of RBC Erythropoiesis Anaemia (low Hb) Polycythaemia (high Hb) Production of WBC- Leucopoiesis Leucopenia-low Leucocytosis-high Production of PLT Thrombopoiesis Thrombopocytopenia Thrombopocyt

Answer 5

• Nutrients—amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates •Iron: -Stored in Hb (65%), the liver, spleen, and bone marrow -Stored in cells as ferritin and hemosiderin -Transported loosely bound to the protein transferrin •Vitamin B12 and folic acid—necessary for DNA synthesis for cell division

Answer 6

Life span: 100–120 days Old RBCs become fragile, and Hb begins to degenerate •Macrophages engulf dying RBCs in the spleen •Heme and globin are separated •Iron is salvaged for reuse •Heme is degraded to yellow the pigment bilirubin •Liver secretes bilirubin (in bile)) into the intestines •Degraded pigment leaves the body in feces as stercobilin F When red blood cells reach the end of their lifespan (about 120 days), they are removed from circulation by macrophages primarily in the spleen and liver. 2. Heme Catabolism: Once hemoglobin is broken down, heme is released from the globin protein. The heme molecule is then metabolized through a series of steps: • Biliverdin Formation: Heme is converted into biliverdin by the enzyme heme oxygenase. Biliverdin is green in color. • Bilirubin Formation: Biliverdin is then converted into bilirubin by the enzyme biliverdin reductase. Bilirubin is yellow-orange in color. 3. Transport and Processing of Bilirubin: • Unconjugated Bilirubin: Bilirubin produced in the tissues is transported through the bloodstream to the liver, where it undergoes conjugation (binding to glucuronic acid) to form conjugated bilirubin. • Excretion: Conjugated bilirubin is then excreted into the bile, which enters the intestines. In the intestines, bilirubin is converted into urobilinogen and then into stercobilin (which gives feces its brown color) or reabsorbed into the bloodstream as urobilinogen and excreted in urine (which gives urine its yellow color). 4. Iron Recycling: After heme is broken down, the iron released from heme is either stored in the body’s iron stores or transported to the bone marrow for reuse in new red blood cell production. •Globin is metabolized into amino acids

Answer 7

Life span: 100–120 days Biliverdin is green Old RBCs become fragile, and Hb begins to degenerate •Macrophages engulf dying RBCs in the spleen •Heme and globin are separated •Iron is salvaged for reuse •Heme is degraded to yellow the pigment bilirubin •Liver secretes bilirubin (in bile)) into the intestines •Degraded pigment leaves the body in feces as stercobilin •Globin is metabolized into amino acids 1.Low 02 levels in blood stimulate kidneys to produce erythropoietin. 2 Erythropoietin levels rise in blood. 3 Erythropoietin and necessary raw materials in blood promote erythropoiesis in red bone marrow. 4 New erythrocytes enter bloodstream; function about 120 days. 5 Aged and damaged red blood cells are engulfed by macrophages of liver, spleen, and bone marrow; the hemoglobin is broken down. Hemoglobin is broken down as heme and Globulin. And bilirubin is also gotten. Heme or Iron is stored as ferritin,hemosiderin. Iron is Iron ia bound to transferrin and released to blood from liver as needed for erythropoiesis. Globulin is converted to amino acids Bilirubin is picked up from blood by liver, secreted into intestine in bile, metabolized to stercobilin by bacteria, and excreted in feces. Food nutrients, including amino acids, Fe, B12, and folic acid, are absorbed from intestine and enter blood. 6 Raw materials are made available in blood for erythrocyte synthesis.

Answer 8

Another name for vitamin b12- Cobalamin Know the different names of the B vitamins B1-thiamine B2-riboflavin B3-niacin B5-pantothenic acid B6-pyridoxine B7-biotin B9-folate or folic acid (folic acid when included as a supplement) Timmy’s Rabbits Nibbles Plates and Pans Because of Food and Carrots

Answer 9

Anemia: blood has abnormally low O2-carrying capacity •A sign rather than a disease itself •Blood O2 levels cannot support normal metabolism •Accompanied by fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath, and chills

Answer 10

1.Insufficient erythrocytes •Hemorrhagic anemia: acute or chronic loss of blood •Hemolytic anemia: RBCs rupture prematurely •Aplastic anemia: destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow 2.Low hemoglobin content: •Iron-deficiency anemia •Secondary result of hemorrhagic anemia or •Inadequate intake of iron-containing foods or •Impaired iron absorption Pernicious anemia: •Deficiency of vitamin B12 •Lack of intrinsic factor needed for absorption of B12 •Treated by intramuscular injection of B12 or application of Nascobal 3. 1.Abnormal hemoglobin: •Thalassemias- •Absent or faulty globin chain •RBCs are thin, delicate, and deficient in hemoglobin Sickle-cell anemia- •Defective gene codes for abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) •Causes RBCs to become sickle shaped in low-oxygen situations

Answer 11

LEUKOCYTES •Make up <1% of total blood volume •Can leave capillaries via diapedesis: Diapedesis, also known as transmigration or extravasation, is the process by which white blood cells (leukocytes) move out of the bloodstream and into tissues. This is a crucial step in the immune response, allowing leukocytes to reach sites of infection or inflammation. •Move through tissue spaces by ameboid motion and positive chemotaxis •Leukocytosis: WBC count over 11,000/mm3 •Normal response to bacterial or viral invasion A white blood cell (WBC) count of less than 4 x 109/L indicates leukopenia. A WBC count of more than 11 x 109/L indica A normal WBC count is typically between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per cubic millimeter (cells/mm³). A normal WBC count in these units is between 4 and 11 x 10^9 cells/L.

Answer 12

Pluripotent stem cells arise from totipotent stem cells. The hematopoietic stem cells is pluripotent because it has the ability to differentiate into all types of blood cells. The fact that they can self renew and differentiate make them stem cells. Pluripotent cause they can differentiate into two pathways major pathways. Either lymphoid or mixed myeloid progenitor pathways. Haematopoietic stem cells are more of pluripotent though but when it differentiates to become either the lymphoid or mixed myeloid,it becomes multipotent Mixed myeloid progenitor. They’re multipotent because once they get lymphoid progenitor stage, they have no choice but to differentiate into either T or B lymphocytes. They can’t come back and say oh mistake. I want to be an RBC. Also, once they get to the myeloid progenitor they have no choice but to differentiate into rbcs or platelets or granulocytes or monocytes. They can only follow one pathway and that’s how the hematopoietic stem cells are also multipotent. There are more options for a pluripotent cell such as an HSC but for a multipotent cell, it has no choice but to become a particular thing once it commits to it.

Answer 13

CD34+ and CD38- markers are used to identify Haematopoietic stem cells . The plus means the presence of the marker on the stem cell while the minus means its absence. CD34+ is seen on the hematopoietic stem cells while CD38+ is seen on the cells that the hematopoietic stem cells have differentiated into. So if it’s cd38- it means the cd38 marker isn’t active yet which means the hematopoietic stem cell hasn’t differentiated yet. So cd34+/cd38- are on hematopoietic stem cells. So cd34 and 38 are seen on the blood cells but the plus or minus for the cd38 makes us see which stage the blood cell is at. Is it at haematopoietic stage or it has been differentiated. As the blood cells mature, they lose the expression of cd34 hence they have cd34- and have cd38+. CD38 is a marker found on a variety of cells, including certain immune cells and more differentiated blood cells. In the context of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs): - **CD38+** cells are typically more mature and differentiated compared to CD38- cells. - Hematopoietic progenitor cells, which are more differentiated than the primitive HSCs, often express CD38. So, CD38 is seen on more mature hematopoietic progenitor cells and various other cell types within the immune system, but it is not present on the most primitive hematopoietic stem cells (which are CD34+CD38-). So, **CD34+CD38-** cells are the very early blood stem cells in the bone marrow that can develop into all types of blood cells. There is no difference between "CD34" and "CD34+"; they refer to the same thing. - **CD34** is a marker, a protein found on the surface of certain cells. - **CD34+** indicates that the cells express this marker on their surface. In the context of stem cells, saying a cell is CD34+ means it has the CD34 marker, which is used to identify and isolate hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Answer 14

Here are multiple-choice questions based on your prompts: 1. **Which of the following is a site of erythropoiesis during development?** - A) Bone Marrow - B) Liver - C) Spleen - D) All of the above - **Answer: D) All of the above** (Bone marrow, liver, and spleen are all sites of erythropoiesis at different stages of development.) 2. **The term for the movement of neutrophils towards the site of injury is called:** - A) Diapedesis - B) Chemotaxis - C) Phagocytosis - D) Hemotaxis - **Answer: B) Chemotaxis** 3. **Which blood cell has a nucleus that is twice the size of a red blood cell?** - A) Neutrophil - B) Lymphocyte - C) Monocyte - D) Eosinophil - **Answer: C) Monocyte** 4. **Which of the following body fluid compartments has the largest number of body fluids?** - A) Intracellular Fluid (ICF) - B) Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - C) Interstitial Fluid - D) Plasma - **Answer: A) Intracellular Fluid (ICF)** 5. **What is the structural composition of hemoglobin?** - A) 4 Globin Chains - B) 2 Alpha and 2 Beta Chains - C) 4 Heme Groups - D) All of the above - **Answer: D) All of the above** (Hemoglobin consists of 4 globin chains and 4 heme groups, with typical adult hemoglobin having 2 alpha and 2 beta chains.) 6. **Cholesterol is found in which part of the cell membrane?** - A) On the phospholipid head - B) Inside the hydrophobic bilayer - C) Outside the cell membrane - D) Within protein channels - **Answer: B) Inside the hydrophobic bilayer** 7. **An 18-year-old named Ama bleeds profusely during her menstruation. Which type of anemia is she likely to have?** - A) Pernicious Anemia - B) Iron Deficiency Anemia - C) Aplastic Anemia - D) Hemolytic Anemia - **Answer: B) Iron Deficiency Anemia** 8. **Which of the following types of blood cells help with blood clotting?** - A) Erythrocytes - B) Leukocytes - C) Thrombocytes (Platelets) - D) Lymphocytes - **Answer: C) Thrombocytes (Platelets)** Here are the explanations for the MCQs: 1. **Which of the following is a site of erythropoiesis during development?** - **Explanation:** Erythropoiesis occurs in different sites during development. In the fetus, it initially occurs in the yolk sac, then shifts to the liver and spleen, and finally to the bone marrow, which continues to be the primary site after birth. 2. **The term for the movement of neutrophils towards the site of injury is called:** - **Options: a) Diapedesis, b) Chemotaxis** - **Answer:** **b) Chemotaxis** - **Explanation:** Chemotaxis is the movement of cells towards the source of a chemical signal, such as neutrophils moving towards the site of injury in response to chemotactic factors. Diapedesis refers to the process by which neutrophils move through the walls of blood vessels into tissues, but chemotaxis specifically refers to the directional movement towards injury. Certainly! Here’s a detailed clarification: ### **Chemotaxis vs. Diapedesis** 1. **Chemotaxis:** - **Definition:** Chemotaxis is the process by which cells move in response to chemical signals. In the context of white blood cells (WBCs), this means they move toward higher concentrations of chemicals (such as cytokines or bacterial products) that indicate a site of infection or injury. - **Function:** It guides WBCs to the location where they are needed, essentially directing their movement through tissues or the bloodstream toward the source of the signal. 2. **Diapedesis:** - **Definition:** Diapedesis is the process by which WBCs move from the bloodstream into the surrounding tissues. This occurs after the WBCs have been directed to the site of injury or infection. - **Function:** It involves the WBCs squeezing through the endothelial cells of blood vessels to reach the tissue where they are needed. ### **How They Work Together:** - **Chemotaxis** directs WBCs to the site of infection or injury by responding to chemical signals. - **Diapedesis** allows WBCs to exit the bloodstream and enter the tissue where they can perform their immune functions. ### **In Summary:** - **Chemotaxis** is about movement towards the injury based on chemical signals. - **Diapedesis** is about the movement out of the blood vessels into the tissue. So, if a question asks about the movement of WBCs towards the site of injury due to chemical signals, the answer is **chemotaxis**. If a question is about how WBCs move out of the bloodstream and into the tissues, the answer is **diapedesis**. 3. **Which blood cell has a nucleus twice the size of a red blood cell?** - **Explanation:** The nucleus of a lymphocyte is roughly the same size as a red blood cell, not twice its size. Large, immature precursor cells in the bone marrow or other white blood cells, like monocytes, might have larger nuclei. 4. **Which of the following body fluid compartments has the largest volume of body fluid?** - **Explanation:** The intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment contains the largest volume of body fluid in the body, making up about two-thirds of the body's total water content. 5. **What is the structural composition of hemoglobin?** - **Explanation:** Hemoglobin is composed of four polypeptide chains (two alpha and two beta chains) and each chain is associated with a heme group, which binds oxygen. 6. **Cholesterol is found in which part of the cell membrane?** - **Options: On the phospholipid head, Inside the hydrophobic bilayer** - **Answer:** **Inside the hydrophobic bilayer** - **Explanation:** Cholesterol is embedded within the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer, where it helps regulate membrane fluidity. 7. **An 18-year-old named Ama bleeds profusely during her menstruation. Which type of anemia is she likely to have?** - **Explanation:** Profuse menstrual bleeding can lead to iron deficiency anemia, which is typically characterized by microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. This type of anemia results from the loss of iron that is necessary for hemoglobin production. You're correct—acute blood loss typically causes normocytic anemia. Normocytic anemia means that the red blood cells (RBCs) are of normal size and shape, but their overall number is reduced due to the sudden loss of blood. In contrast, chronic blood loss, such as what might occur with prolonged heavy menstruation, can lead to iron deficiency anemia, which is often microcytic (smaller than normal RBCs) and hypochromic (paler than normal RBCs). So, in the case of **Ama**, who bleeds profusely during menstruation (a chronic condition if it happens over time), the more likely anemia would be **microcytic, hypochromic anemia** due to iron deficiency. However, if the bleeding is sudden and severe, it could initially cause normocytic anemia before progressing to iron deficiency anemia if the bleeding continues and iron stores are depleted. 8. **Finding the MCV from hemoglobin and hematocrit.** - **Explanation:** Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is a measure of the average volume of a red blood cell. It can be calculated if hemoglobin and hematocrit values are provided, typically using the formula: MCV = (Hematocrit(%)/RBC count) × 10. MCHC-hemoglobin/hematocrit x100 PCV-Hbx3 Red cell distribution width- standard deviation of MCV/mean of MCV x100 Hematocrit- Rbc count x MCV/ 10 9. **Which of the following types of blood cells help in blood clotting?** - **Explanation:** Platelets (thrombocytes) are the cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting by forming a platelet plug and facilitating the coagulation cascade. Which type of movement is characterized by the ability of cells to crawl and change shape by forming temporary projections known as pseudopodia? • A) Chemotaxis • B) Ameboid Movement • C) Diapedesis • D) Ciliary Movement Answer: B) Ameboid Movement Explanation: Ameboid movement involves the formation and retraction of pseudopodia, allowing cells to crawl and change shape. Which of the following describes the type of cell movement that involves the extension and retraction of pseudopodia? • A) Chemotaxis • B) Diapedesis • C) Ameboid Movement • D) Phagocytosis Answer: C) Ameboid Movement Explanation: Ameboid movement involves the formation of pseudopodia and is used by cells like amoebas and some white blood cells to move and engulf particles. Here are four MCQs related to the movement of white blood cells (WBCs): 1. **Which of the following processes describes the movement of white blood cells toward the site of infection in response to chemical signals?** - A) Diapedesis - B) Amoeboid Movement - C) Chemotaxis - D) Phagocytosis **Answer:** C) Chemotaxis **Explanation:** Chemotaxis is the process by which white blood cells move towards higher concentrations of chemical signals, such as cytokines, at the site of infection. 2. **What is the term for the movement of white blood cells out of the bloodstream and into the surrounding tissues?** - A) Chemotaxis - B) Diapedesis - C) Amoeboid Movement - D) Endocytosis **Answer:** B) Diapedesis **Explanation:** Diapedesis is the process by which white blood cells squeeze through the endothelial cells of blood vessels to enter the tissues. 3. **Which of the following is involved in guiding white blood cells to specific areas of tissue based on chemical gradients?** - A) Amoeboid Movement - B) Chemotaxis - C) Diapedesis - D) Phagocytosis **Answer:** B) Chemotaxis **Explanation:** Chemotaxis involves movement towards a chemical signal, helping direct white blood cells to specific areas. 4. **During which process do white blood cells change shape to move through the endothelial lining of blood vessels?** - A) Chemotaxis - B) Diapedesis - C) Phagocytosis - D) Exocytosis **Answer:** B) Diapedesis **Explanation:** During diapedesis, white blood cells change shape and pass through the endothelial cells of blood vessels to reach the tissue.

Answer 15

The normal blood volume for males and females, along with typical body weights, can be summarized as follows: ### Males - **Average Body Weight**: Approximately **70 kg** - **Normal Blood Volume**: **5 to 6 liters** - **Body Water Content**: About **60% of body weight**, which is approximately **42 liters** (for 70 kg). ### Females - **Average Body Weight**: Approximately **60 kg** - **Normal Blood Volume**: **4 to 5 liters** - **Body Water Content**: About **50-55% of body weight**, which is approximately **30 to 33 liters** (for 60 kg). ### Summary - **Males**: 5 to 6 liters of blood, about 42 liters of body water (60 kg body water content). - **Females**: 4 to 5 liters of blood, about 30 to 33 liters of body water (50-55% body water content). These values can vary based on individual factors like age, activity level, and overall health.

Answer 16

That's almost correct! Reticulocyte count indeed reflects erythropoietic activity, indicating the bone marrow's production of new red blood cells (RBCs). Here's a nuanced correction: *High Reticulocyte Count:* - Indicates increased bone marrow production of RBCs, usually in response to: - Anemia (e.g., iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency) - Blood loss - Hemolysis (RBC destruction) - Suggests the bone marrow is actively trying to replace lost or damaged RBCs. *Low Reticulocyte Count:* - Indicates decreased bone marrow production of RBCs, possibly due to: - Bone marrow failure or dysfunction - Inadequate erythropoietin (EPO) production - Chronic diseases (e.g., kidney disease, cancer) - Nutrient deficiencies (e.g., iron, vitamin B12) - Does not necessarily mean the bone marrow will reduce production, but rather that production is already impaired. To clarify, a low reticulocyte count doesn't directly cause the bone marrow to reduce production. Instead, it indicates an existing problem with RBC production. Keep in mind that reticulocyte count should be interpreted in context with other laboratory results, medical history, and clinical presentation.

Answer 17

**Quantitative deficiencies** refer to conditions where there is a reduced amount or total absence of a particular substance, cell, enzyme, or molecule in the body. In this case, the affected component is present but in insufficient quantities. Examples include: - **Anemia**: A reduced number of red blood cells (RBCs). - **Neutropenia**: A lower-than-normal number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell). - **Enzyme deficiency**: Like in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, where the enzyme is produced in lower amounts. **Qualitative deficiencies** refer to conditions where the substance or cell is present in normal amounts, but its function or structure is abnormal, making it ineffective or dysfunctional. Examples include: - **Sickle cell anemia (HbS)**: Hemoglobin is produced in normal quantities, but its abnormal structure leads to sickling of red blood cells. - **Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency**: The protein may be present, but its structure is defective, leading to improper function in protecting the lungs. In summary, **quantitative deficiencies** involve low amounts of a component, while **qualitative deficiencies** involve normal amounts of a defective or dysfunctional component.

Answer 18

The key difference between **MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)** and **MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration)** lies in what they measure: 1. **MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin):** - Measures the **average amount of hemoglobin** in a single red blood cell. - It is expressed in **picograms (pg)**. - Calculation: \[ \text{MCH} = \frac{\text{Hemoglobin/RBC count}} \] - **Interpretation**: MCH reflects the absolute amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell, but it does not account for the size of the cell. Low MCH can indicate microcytic anemia, while high MCH can indicate macrocytic anemia. 2. **MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration):** - Measures the **average concentration of hemoglobin** in a given volume of red blood cells. - It is expressed in **grams per deciliter (g/dL)**. - Calculation: MCHC} = {Hemoglobin/Hematocrit}} times 100] - **Interpretation**: MCHC reflects how "packed" hemoglobin is inside the red blood cells. Low MCHC can indicate hypochromic anemia (such as iron deficiency anemia), while high MCHC is seen in conditions like hereditary spherocytosis. In summary, **MCH** looks at the **amount** of hemoglobin per red blood cell, while **MCHC** measures the **concentration** of hemoglobin relative to the size of the red blood cells.

Answer 19

Absolute wbc count=relative wbc percentage of type you’re looking for/100 x the WBC count Relative wbc percentage = absolute wbc count of the type you’re looking for / total wbc count x 100 Total WBC COUNT= absolute neutrophils + absolute lymphocytes+absolute monocytes + absolute eosinophils + absolute basiphils The relative percentages of different types of white blood cells (WBCs) adding up to 100% means that these percentages represent the proportions of each specific WBC type within the total population of white blood cells. In a complete blood count (CBC), the sum of the relative percentages of all WBC types (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils) should ideally equal 100%. Yes, that's correct! When you add the absolute counts of each type of white blood cell together, they should equal the total WBC count if it is available. This serves as a check to ensure that your calculations are accurate and that all types of WBCs have been accounted for. ### Example: If you calculated the absolute counts as follows: - Neutrophils: 4,800 cells/µL - Lymphocytes: 2,400 cells/µL - Monocytes: 400 cells/µL - Eosinophils: 240 cells/µL - Basophils: 160 cells/µL You would sum these absolute counts: \[ 4,800 + 2,400 + 400 + 240 + 160 = 8,000 \text{ cells/µL} \] If the total WBC count you have is also 8,000 cells/µL, this confirms that your calculations are consistent and correct. This verification step is essential in clinical settings to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.