Lecture 1

Question 1

Physical Geology ?

Answer 1

Understanding of the process on and benath earth’s surface

Question 2

Historical Geology ?

Answer 2

Understanding the origin of earth and its development through time

Question 3

What relationships between people and nature includes ?

Answer 3

Natural hazards, resources, world population growth, environmental issues.

Question 4

Catastrophism ?

Answer 4

Landscapes formed by sudden disasters.

Question 5

Uniformitarianism ?

Answer 5

Processes that we observe have been shaping our planet throughout time.

Question 6

Radioactivity role ?

Answer 6

Helped determine age of the Earth.

Question 7

How many years ago the dinosaurs got instinct ?

Answer 7

66 million years ago

Question 8

How many years ago earth created ?

Answer 8

4.6 billion years ago

Question 9

Relative dating ?

Answer 9

Events placed in order without knowing their age.

Question 10

Law of Superposition ?

Answer 10

Younger rocks layers deposited over older rock layers.

Question 11

Principle of Fossil Succession ?

Answer 11

Fossil organisms success each other in determinable order.

Question 12

Big Bang Theory ?

Answer 12

Large explosion that sent all matter in the universe flying at an incredible speed.

Question 13

Nebular hypotheisis ?

Answer 13

Bodies in a solar system evolved from solar nebula

Question 14

Protosun and protoplanets ?

Answer 14

Formed from a contracting, slow spiraling nebula.

Question 15

Core layer ?

Answer 15

Inner layer, dense, iron-rich

Question 16

Crust layer ?

Answer 16

Outer layer, solid, thin

Question 17

Mantle layer ?

Answer 17

Largest layer, between layer, iron, magnesium, oxygen seeking elements

Question 18

Continental drift ?

Answer 18

Continents moved about the face of the planet.

Question 19

Plate tectonics ?

Answer 19

Current understanding of the movement of the continents

Question 20

Evidences of continental drift ?

Answer 20

• Continents fit together like a puzzle
• same fossils found on continents,
• rocks matched in continents,
• ancient glacial ice explained by a super-continent

Question 21

Divergent boundary ?

Answer 21

2 plates move apart = upwelling of material from mantle to create new seafloor.

Question 22

Convergent boundary ?

Answer 22

2 plates move towards = colliding of plates, margin of crust consumption into the mantle is called : subduction zone.

Question 23

Transform fault boundary ?

Answer 23

2 plates slides = dont generate new lithosphere or consuming old lithosphere

Question 24

Composition Earth ?

Answer 24

Crust, mantle, Core

Question 25

Physicial Proprieties Earth ?

Answer 25

Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, inner core, outer core.

Question 26

Earth's interacting spheres ?

Answer 26

Hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere.

Question 27

Hydrosphere ?

Answer 27

Oceans, freshwater, glacial ice

Question 28

Atmosphere ?

Answer 28

Thin layer producing weather, climate.

Question 29

Biosphere ?

Answer 29

All living things on earth

Question 30

Geosphere ?

Answer 30

Includes rocks, landforms, earth's interior

Question 31

Continents division ?

Answer 31

Average elevation is 840 m above sea level, 40% of earth surface

Question 32

Oceans bassins division ?

Answer 32

Average depth is 3800m below sea level, 60% of earth's surface

Question 33

Continents caracteristics ?

Answer 33

Young mountain belts (most prominent), old mountain belts (more eroded), shields (very old, large, flat expanses of rock)

Question 34

Oecan basins caracteristics ?

Answer 34

Oceanic ridge system (most prominent topographic feature), trenches (exceed dephts of 11000m) -

Question 35

Rock cycle ?

Answer 35

Process by which one rock changes to another rock : - Molten magma to igneous rock - Weathering creates sediments - Sediments lithify into sedimentary rock - Burial and heat produce metamorphic rock - Metamorphic rock can be heated to produce magma or eroded to form sediments