Lecture 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is fauna?
A
animals - refers to the different species of animals in an environment
2
Q
what is flora?
A
plants - refers to the different species of plants in an environment
3
Q
flora + fauna = ?
A
biodiversity = biological diversity
4
Q
what is another name for reptiles and amphibians?
A
Herptiles = Herps
5
Q
how would you define biodiversity?
A
the total number and variety of living things (flora snd fauna) found in an area
6
Q
How many species of herptiles in Ontario?
A
50 species exactly
7
Q
How many species of mammals in Ontario?
A
81 species exactly
8
Q
How many species of fish in Ontario?
A
150 species exactly
9
Q
How many species of birds in Ontario?
A
507 species - changing
10
Q
What is an invertebrate?
A
an animal without a backbone - think insects
11
Q
How many species of invertebrates in Ontario?
A
tens or hundreds of thousands of species
12
Q
What is a vertebrate?
A
an animal with a backbone - think mammals
13
Q
What is an odonate?
A
dragonflies and damselflies
14
Q
How many species of odonates in Ontario
A
172 species exactly
15
Q
How many species of butterflies in Ontario?
A
148 species exactly
16
Q
How many species of moths in Ontario?
A
1000 species roughly
17
Q
How many species of wasps in Ontario?
A
thousands of species
18
Q
How many species of flies in Ontario?
A
thousands of species
19
Q
Why is Ontario’s biodiversity so rich?
A
- size
- range of biotic factors
- range of abiotic factors
20
Q
How many species of beetles in Ontario?
A
thousands of species
21
Q
How many species of plants in Ontario
A
10 000+ species
22
Q
What are vascular plants?
A
plants with specialized systems for carrying fluids through the plant
23
Q
How many species of vascular plants in Ontario?
A
3000+ species
24
Q
How many species of moss and lichens in Ontario?
A
800+ species
25
What is Ontario's total biodiversity? (number)
100 000+ species
26
How big is Ontario? (km^2)
1 000 000+ km^2
27
What does abiotic mean?
non living
28
What does biotic mean?
living
29
What are the abiotic factors which contribute to the richness of biodiversity in Ontario?
- Temperature
- Precipitation
- Wind
- Soil Type
- Fire
- Rock Type
30
How does temperature affect the biodiversity of Ontario?
Ontario has a wide range of temperatures - allowing many different species to thrive in different temperatures
31
How does precipitation affect the biodiversity of Ontario?
Different places in Ontario have different amounts of precipitation - allowing different species to thrive on different water levels
32
How does wind affect the biodiversity of Ontario?
Wind can change landscapes, disperse seeds, spread fire - greatly affecting the species that live there
33
How does soil type affect biodiversity of Ontario?
The soil type graetly affects which plants are able to grow where - with different levels of acidity or texture
34
How does fire affect the biodiversity of Ontario?
Fire can affect what is currently in an area. If it has been recently affected by fire, it is likely to be new growth instead of old growth, which allow for different species to be around
35
How does rock type affect the biodiversity of Ontario?
Rocks with different acidity allow different thing to grow, which feed different types of animals. rocks release minerals into the soil - think soil chemistry
36
What is the rock beneath any given area called?
Bedrock
37
Flat, layered bedrock formed from sediments are called?
Sedimentary rocks
38
Sedimentary rocks are typically formed where?
Under the ocean
39
Describe sedimentary rocks.
flat, layered rock formed by sediments in the ocean
40
How old are sedimentary rock?
400 - 500 million years old
41
Which rocks are 400 - 500 million years old
Sedimentary rocks
42
What kind of rock is limestone?
Sedimentary rock
43
Describe limestone.
- rich in calcium (calcium carbonate)
- relatively soft
- basic in pH
44
What happens if you pour acid (HCl) onto limestone?
it effervesces
45
what does it mean for a rock to effervesce?
The acid poured onto it will bubble
46
What is limestone made from?
some - animals whose fossil remains are full of calcium
47
What kind of soil does poison ivy like?
Basic and calcium filled
48
Plants that love calcium are called?
Calciphiles
49
What are igneous rocks formed from?
Motlen rock - magma
50
what texture are igneous rocks?
solid (not layered)
51
What kinds of rocks lack calcium?
Igneous rocks
52
Are igneous rocks basic or acidic?
Acidic
53
What kinds of rocks are acidic?
Igneous
54
What kinds of rock contain lots of silica
Igneous
55
Are igneous rocks relatively hard or soft?
Hard
56
What kind of rock is granite?
Igneous
57
Does igneous rock effevesce?
No
58
What kind of rock is basalt?
Volcanic - igneous
59
Is basalt acidic or basic?
Basic
60
What kind of rock is formed from pre existing rock transformed by heat and pressure?
Metamorphic rock
61
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Heat and pressure is applied to pre existing rock
62
What changes and stays the same when a rock becomes a metamorphic rock?
Retains chemical properties
Physical properties change
63
When granite becomes metamorphic rock - what is it called?
Gneiss
64
Gneiss is the metamorphic rock of what kind of rock?
Granite
65
When limestone is metamorphosed - what is it called?
Marble
66
Marble is the metamorphic rock of what kind of rock?
Limestone
67
Sedimentary rocks usually underlie flat terrain known as ...
Lowlands
68
Igneous and metamorphic rocks usually underlie hilly terrain known as ...
Highlands
69
What kind of rock underlies lowlands?
sedimentary
70
What kind of rock underlies highlands?
Igneous and metamorphic
71
What is relief?
Changes in landscape resulting in microclimates
72
What are changes in landscapes which result in microclimates called?
Relief
73
What are the biotic factors which contribute to the richness of biodiversity in Ontario?
- flora
- fauna
- any living thing which affects what lives in a given area
74
What is overburden?
The soil on top of bedrock
75
What are glacial deposits?
The deposits from when a glacier scraped across land and droped things as it melted and moved along
76
How big is gravel?
2mm to 75 mm
77
How big is sand?
0.05 mm to 2mm
78
How big is silt?
0.002 mm to 0.05 mm
79
How big is clay?
less than 0.002 mm
80
what are the rock particle sizes from largest to smallest?
- boulders
- gravel
- sand
- silt
- clay
81
What are the rock particle sizes from smallest to largest?
- clay
- silt
- sand
- gravel
- boulders
82
What is glacial till?
A mixture of rock particle sizes, not sorted by size - can hold moisture very well
83
What is a physiographic region?
the rock type and the lay of the land
84
How many physiographic regions in Ontario?
3
85
What are the physiographic regions of Ontario?
- Hudson Bay Lowland
- Canadian Shield
- Great Lakes - St Lawrence Lowland
86
What is glacial erratic?
When a glacier leaves behind a type of rock different from the rest around it
87
What are habitats
A set of flora and fauna to create a certain type of fauna
88
What are deciduous trees?
Trees that lose their leaves in the winter - oak and maple
89
What kinds of trees lose their leaves in the winter?
Deciduous trees
90
What kinds of trees do not lose their leaves in the winter?
Coniferous trees
91
What are coniferous trees?
Trees that do noy lose their leaves in the winter - spruce and fir
92
What are ecological or forest regions
Regions defined by the dominant canopy-forming trees
93
What are the ecological regions of Ontario? (North to South)
- Tundra
- Hudson Bay Lowland
- Boreal
- Great Lakes - St. Lawrence
- Carolinian
94
What are the ecological regions of Ontario? (South to North)
- Carolinian
- Great Lakes - St. Lawrence
- Boreal
- Hudson Bay Lowland
- Tundra
