Lecture 2

Question 1

What is the canopy defining tree type of the Tundra?

Answer 1

No trees!

Question 2

What is the first life to come back after a glacial period?

Answer 2

Lichens

Question 2

What is the canopy defining tree type of the Carolinian?

Answer 2

Deciduous trees

Question 2

What is the canopy defining tree type of the Hudson Bay Lowland?

Answer 2

Spindly trees

Question 2

What is the canopy defining tree type of the Boreal?

Answer 2

Coniferous trees

Question 3

What was the Ice Age also called

Answer 3

the Pleistocene

Question 3

What is the canopy defining tree type of the Great Lakes - St Lawrence?

Answer 3

Mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees

Question 4

During the Ice Age, what was the Ice Sheet that covered Ontario called?

Answer 4

the Laurentide Ice Sheet

Question 4

What was the Pleistocene?

Answer 4

the Ice Age

Question 4

what does the algae provide in a lichen?

Answer 4

food via photosynthesis

Question 4

Only small drops in average daily temperatures can do what?

Answer 4

Spawn glaciers

Question 5

what are crustose lichens?

Answer 5

lichens which colonize bare rock

Question 5

what are arboreal lichens?

Answer 5

lichens which grow up in trees

Question 5

what are fruticose lichens?

Answer 5

have upright structures

Question 5

What is glacial refugia?

Answer 5

locations where species migrate to to take refuge during a glacial period

Question 5

what lichens have upright stuctures?

Answer 5

fruticose

Question 5

What are Lichens?

Answer 5

a symbiotic relationship between fungi and cyanobacteria

Question 5

What does the fungi provide in a lichen?

Answer 5

a house for the algae

Question 5

what are two examples of pioneer species on rock?

Answer 5

lichens and mosses

Question 5

what are leaf like lichens called?

Answer 5

foliose

Question 5

What are foliose lichens?

Answer 5

leaf like lichens

Question 6

what lichens grow in trees?

Answer 6

arboreal lichens

Question 6

what are pioneer species?

Answer 6

a species which is the first to colonize an area

Question 7

what is loess?

Answer 7

wind blown sediment of silt like minerals

Question 8

What is succession?

Answer 8

Change in the life of an area - when colonizers die and allow new species to come in and feed of them and come back after a glacial event

Question 8

what is it called when trees are sun lovers

Answer 8

shade intolerant

Question 9

What is talus?

Answer 9

dissolved and physically broken rocks formed into soil

Question 10

what are the colonizer trees?

Answer 10

poplar and white birch

Question 11

why are poplar and white birch good pioneer species

Answer 11

need sunlight - open areas have sunlight for them to grow - no old growth trees creating shade windblown seeds - open areas for seeds to blow through more easily

Question 12

what is it called when trees are sun haters

Answer 12

shade tolerant

Question 13

are sugar maples shade tolerant or intolerant?

Answer 13

tolerant

Question 14

are spruce trees shade tolerant or intolerant?

Answer 14

tolerant

Question 15

are trembling aspen shade tolerant or intolerant?

Answer 15

intolerant

Question 16

are poplar trees shade tolerant or intolerant?

Answer 16

intolerant

Question 17

What kinds of forests can replace themselves

Answer 17

Climax forests

Question 18

what is permafrost?

Answer 18

when the ground stays frozen all year round

Question 19

what is isostatic rebound?

Answer 19

when the glaciers melt on top of land and the land rises due to less pressure

Question 20

What kind of trees are in the Tundra?

Answer 20

Willow trees - very small, no canopy

Question 21

what is the northern limit of the tundra

Answer 21

Hudson Bay

Question 21

What is the southern limit of the Tundra

Answer 21

poorly defined Tree Line

Question 22

What provincial park covers most of the Tundra

Answer 22

Polar Bear Provincial Park

Question 22

What are the main challenges of the Tundra

Answer 22

- Cold - Low and flat - Windy - Water - Geese

Question 23

What is the avg annual temp of the Tundra

Answer 23

-6 C

Question 24

Why is permafrost a challenge in the Tundra

Answer 24

- very little decomposition - few nutrients and soil build up for plants

Question 24

What used to cover the Hudson Bay Lowland Physiographic Region

Answer 24

the Tyrrell Sea

Question 24

When did the Tyrrell Sea cover the Hudson Bay Lowland Physiographic region

Answer 24

about 8000 yrs ago

Question 25

Why is the wind a challenge of the Tundra

Answer 25

the wind blows abrasive particles

Question 26

why are geese a challenge of the tundra

Answer 26

- digging up tubers = physical disturbance - pooping everywhere = chemical change in soil

Question 26

The Greater Scaup is an indicator of what region

Answer 26

Tundra

Question 27

The Long Tailed Duck is an indicator of what region

Answer 27

Tundra

Question 28

Scoters are indicators of what region

Answer 28

Tundra

Question 29

The Northern Pintail is an indicator of what region

Answer 29

None - Nest in Tundra and other parts of southern Ontario

Question 30

The Tundra Swan is an indicator of what region

Answer 30

Tundra

Question 31

The Canada Goose is an indicator of what region

Answer 31

None - Nest all over Ontario

Question 32

The Snow Goose is an indicator of what region

Answer 32

Tundra