Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is the intrapersonal aspect that effects human behavior?
- Medical Disorders
- Self-Concept
- Self-Esteem
What are the five aspects that impact human behavior?
Intrapersonal Interpersonal Personal Institution Interactions Community Society
What is the interpersonal aspect that effects human behavior?
- What we accumulate from the outside world
- Siblings, parents, boyfriend, etc.
What is the personal institution interactions that effect human behaviors?
- School
- Work
What is the community aspect that effects human behavior?
- Where you grew up (small town, city, etc)
- Neighbourhoods (ghetto, suburb, etc.)
What is the society aspect that effects human behavior?
- Eastern cultures vs. western cultures, etc.
- Different countries
Define criminal behavior?
Behaviour in violation of the criminal code that is intentional and without justification or excuse.
What is “actus reus?”
“Guilty act”; action that is forbidden in the criminal code. Has to establish the act actually happened. (This is a court process)
What is “Mens Rea?”
“Guilty Mind”; The individual must have intended to carry out the guilty act or done it knowingly or recklessly. (Needs justification)
What is another name for a minor crime?
Misdemeanour
What is another name for a major crime?
Felony
What is a summary offense?
Most minor of offenses.
- disturbance, loitering, harassing telephone calls, etc.
What is an indictable offense?
More serious offenses
- Murder, rape, robbery, etc.
What is a hybrid offense?
Crown prosector has the option of trying the offence as a summary or indictable. (assault, theft, etc)
- History of criminal acts may impact how they are tried.
What does “UCR” stand for and what is it?
Uniform Crime Reports
- Long-term database of crime across the United States about
the victims, offender and crimes.
How is crime measured? (3)
- Official police reports
- Self-report studies
- Victimization studies
What is the national incident-based reporting system?
A supplement database with more precise details about offences and crimes.
What are the limitations of measuring crime? (5)
1) Concentrates on more serious crimes
2) What is the accuracy of documentation
3) Discretion is used by law enforcement regarding arrests
4) Limited definition of crime (doesn’t include “white collar” crime)
5) “dark figure”
What is the “dark figure?”
Those crimes that go unreported or undetected. Close to 3/4 of crimes are not captured in statistics (rape, minor crimes, etc)
What do self-report studies show about criminal activity?
- Gathered through questionnaires and interviews.
- Most people have violated some criminal law.
- Huge dark figure
- Most crimes are minor
- Limitations of this study includes: mostly adolescents, when
adults were questioned, it was largely an incarcerated population.
What is criminal versitility?
Performed lots of different crimes. High degree of risk for that individual.
What are the limitations of using a census to sample criminal behavior?
- Does not account for ALL of the population
- Usually done by phone or house, not everyone has a phone
or a residence. - Doesn’t count for people who are institutionalized
- Some people may not admit to things because they don’t
believe it is anonymous.
What is the “just world” hypothesis?
- We are the authors of our own fate
- When we do good, good things happen, vice versa
- People should be punished for doing the wrong thing
What is the classical theory?
We all have free will. Human behaviour is fundamentally driven by a choice made by weighing the amount of pleasure gained against the amount of punishment.
