Lecture 1

Question 1

All eukaryotes that have been studied have at least ______ chromosomes

Answer 1

two

Question 2

DNA molecules are always (circular/linear)​

Answer 2

linear

Question 3

In order for the genome to fit into the nucleus it must be ______

Answer 3

packaged

Question 4

Define ​genome

Answer 4

the complete haploid genetic complement of a cell

Question 5

define transcriptome

Answer 5

the genes expressed in a cell under a given set of conditions

Question 6

define proteome

Answer 6

The complement of proteins present in a cell under a given set of conditions

Question 7

what is a haploid cell?

Answer 7

one copy of a gene

Question 8

What do nucleosomes consist of

Answer 8

Core histones + linker histones + ~180bp dsDNA

Question 9

what are the core histones?

Answer 9

2H2A, 2H2B, 2H3 and 2H4

Question 10

what are the linker histones?

Answer 10

H1a-e, H1o, H1t, and H5

Question 11

A single (core/linker) histone is attached to each nucleosome.

Answer 11

linker

Question 12

Chromosomes are characterized by having a _______ which has a specific position within each chromosome.

Answer 12

centromere

Question 13

Define telomeres

Answer 13

The terminal ends of the chromosomes

Question 14

Define ​chromatids

Answer 14

the arms of the chromosome

Question 15

when do chromatids become easily visible?

Answer 15

after chromatin condensation

Question 16

How are individual chromosomes recognized?

Answer 16

by the lengths of their chromatids and the location of the centromere relative to the telomeres

Question 17

Define Heterochromatin

Answer 17

condensed chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive

Question 18

What are the two types of heterochromatin?

Answer 18

1. Constitutive
2. Facultative

Question 19

What is Facultative heterochromatin?

Question 20

Mitochondrial Genome special features

Answer 20

1. It is circular ds DNA
2. It codes for respiratory genes
   
   1. Include those involved in ATP production
3. It codes for some ribosomal RNA’s and transfer RNA’s
4. Highly variable in size within species

Question 21

Chloroplast Genome

Answer 21

1. Very consistent in size across different plant species
2. Very consistent in genes contained
3. They code for synthetic genes. Ribosomal genes, and transfer genes

They lost some of the function that the used to have because it gets compensated with genes from the nucleus