Lecture 1

Question 1

This cardiac cycle occurs when the heart generates force and ejects blood: __________

Answer 1

Systole

S for shoots it out

Question 2

This cardiac cycle is when the heart relaxes and fills with blood: ________

Answer 2

Diastole

D for Doobie…..

Question 3

Blood volume is always ________.

Answer 3

Constant

Question 4

From the Superior vena cava, describe the pathway blood takes through the 4 chambers of the heart…

Answer 4

SVC-> RA->Tricuspid valve->RV->Lungs->LA->Mitral valve->LV->Aortic valve->Aorta->Body->back to vena cava

Question 5

Muscarinic and Beta-1s can affect the slope of depolarization leading to __________ and altered pump function.

Answer 5

Arrhythmias

Question 6

The first node to depolarize and the pacemaker of the heart is the _____ _______.

It is connected via gap junctions to ______ _______________.

Answer 6

Sinus Node

Atrial cardiomyocytes

Question 7

The __________ ____________ carries depolarization from the sinus node down to the ventricles.

Answer 7

Atrioventricular node

Question 8

__________ fibers speeds conduction to ventricular myocytes because of its large diameter cells.

Answer 8

Perkinje

Question 9

The heart contracts from the _____ to the _____.

Answer 9

Apex

Base

Question 10

Coordinated, rhythmic excitation/contraction of the heart is thanks to the _____ ______.

Answer 10

The nodal system

Question 11

The SA node is the pacemaker because it is the ________.

Answer 11

Fastest

Question 12

Where is the SA node located?

Answer 12

Right Atria

Question 13

Heart rate is modulated at the _____ level.

Answer 13

Nodal

Question 14

The ____________ fibers determine how long it takes the impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles.

Answer 14

Parasympathetic

Question 15

Define chronotrope.

Answer 15

Anything that effects heart rate

Question 16

The ____________ stimulation of nodes has a positive chronotropic effect at the SA node.

Answer 16

Sympathetic

Question 17

___________ chronotrope increases heart rate.
(Has ____ receptors)

___________ chronotrope decreases heart rate.
(Has ____ receptors)

Answer 17

Positive - B1

Negative - M2

Question 18

Define dromotrope.

Answer 18

How fast impulse moves across AV node (conduction velocity)

Question 19

________ dromotrope increases conduction velocity and has ___ receptors.

________ dromotrope decreases conduction velocity and has ___ receptors.

Answer 19

Positive - B1

Negative - M2

Question 20

___node is all about speed and chronotropy.

___ node is all about amount of delay and dromotropy

Answer 20

SA

AV

Question 21

BIG squares on a EKG are equal to how many seconds?

Answer 21

0.2s

Question 22

Waves measure changes in ________

Intervals are periods of ____ that include the wave

Segments are periods of time that do NOT include the _____

Answer 22

Voltage
Time
Wave

Question 23

The P wave corresponds to _____ ___________. It is initiated by the __ ____.

Answer 23

Atrial fibrillation

SA node

Question 24

______________ is hidden by the QRS wave.

Answer 24

Repolarization

Question 25

The QRS complex is initiated by the __ ____. It represents ___________ ______________.

Answer 25

AV node | Ventricular Depolarization

Question 26

The __ wave appears after the QRS complex and is representative of __________ _______________.

Answer 26

T | Ventricular Repolarization

Question 27

Sometimes, MAYBE, you will see a __ wave. If you do, you might suspect an ionic imbalance. It is representative of ________ ______________.

Answer 27

U | Perkinje Repolarization

Question 28

Time from initiation of atrial depolarization to initiation of ventricular depolarization is known as the __ ________. They tell us about __ _____ _____ (more so the __ _______)

Answer 28

PR Interval AV Nodal Delay PR Segment

Question 29

The total time to depolarize ventricles is known as the ___ ________.

Answer 29

QRS interval

Question 30

The time from first ventricular depolarization to last is known as the __ ________

Answer 30

QT Interval

Question 31

The time from last depolarization to initiation of repolarization is known as the __ _______.

Answer 31

ST segment

Question 32

The __ _______ can be elevated during myocardial infarction (MI) - STEMI

Answer 32

ST segment