Lecture #1 Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

When Does Ionizing radiation occur on the radiation spectrum?

A

10^15 or Ultraviolet light

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2
Q

What are the Natural Sources of Radiation?

A

Cosmic 5%
Terrestrial 3%
Radon 37%
Internal 5%

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3
Q

What are the man made sources of radiation?

A
X-rays 12%
CT Scans 24%
Nuclear 12%
Consumer Products 2%
other <1%
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4
Q

Gamma rays and X rays are what type of radiation?

A

Electromagnectic radiation

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5
Q

What is not a form of ionizing radiation?

A

microwaves

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6
Q

What is Becquerel (Bq)?

A

Si unit to messure the radioacctivity of a material

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7
Q

1 Bq=2.7X10^-11 Ci

A

just a fact you might want to know

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8
Q

How is exposure measured?

A
Coulombs/Kg
or Roentgen (R)
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9
Q

How is Absorbed dose measured?

A

Gray (Gy)
Rad
1Gy=100rad

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10
Q

How is equivalent dose measured?

A

Sievert (Sv)
or Rem
1Sv= 100 rem

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11
Q

What has higher Linear Energy Transfer (LET) than photons?

A

Particulate radiation

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12
Q

What is Effective dose

A

measure the estimated risk to humans in different tissues

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13
Q

What is Equivalent dose

A

The amount of radiation needed to be harmful… measures different types of radiation

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14
Q

what is Absorbed dose

A

Energy deposited in a kg of a substance by the radiation

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15
Q

how is effective dose measured?

A

Sievert (Sv)

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16
Q

Define direct Effect

A

Photon or secondary e- ionizes biologic macromolecules

17
Q

Radiolysis of Water… What is it?

A

Photon that ionizes water causes free radicals

18
Q

Define Indirect effect

A

intermediate step to mess up macromolecules… photon hits something then that something hits the organism

19
Q

How much does Direct and Indirct effects occur from x-rays?

A

1/3 and 2/3 of the damages respectfully

20
Q

What is the primary cause of radiation induced cell death?

A

Damaged to the DNA

21
Q

What is Deterministic Effect?

A

Greater the Dose the Greater the Damage

There is an exposure threshold meaning below this there might not be any damage

22
Q

What cells have the Highest sensitivity to radiation?

A

Divide regularly

Undergo little/no differentiation

23
Q

What are some organs that have high sensitivity to radiation?

A
Testies
Bone
Lymphoid organs
Breasts
GI Tract
Mucous Membranes
24
Q

Define Stochastic Effect

A

There is no threshold and there will always be radiation effect… you will die

25
What are 3 guiding principles to reduce dental exposure?
Justification ALARA Dose Limitation
26
ALARA stands for what
as low as reasonably achievable
27
dentists need what in place? (2)
Radiation protection program | good radiation safety practices
28
When should a dentist prescribe a x-ray?
``` after Health History Review Clinical assessment Examination susceptibility to dental diseases ```
29
What films should we use?
E or F speed film
30
By how much does rectangular collimators reduce exposure?
60%
31
What are the 2 types of Ionizing Radiation?
1. ) Particulate Radiation | 2. ) Electromagnetic Radiation
32
Which radiation have a higher LET... Particulate Radiation or photons?
Particulate Radiation