Lecture 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 1 Deck (21)
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1
Q

ANtonie Van Leeuwenhoek

A

“Animalcules” First description of microbes

Used simple microscopes

2
Q

Girolamo Fracastoro

A

Contagion Theory - disease transmitted by invisible particles

led to preventing &/or treating diseases caused by microorganisms

3
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Germ Theory - Microorganisms cause disease

led to preventing &/or treating diseases caused by microorganisms

4
Q

Robert Koch

A

Experimentally proved germ theory using direct cause and effect

led to preventing &/or treating diseases caused by microorganisms

5
Q

Koch’s postulates

A
  1. Pathogen must be present in all cases of the diseased animal and absent in healthy
  2. Organism grown in culture
  3. Cells from the culture should cause disease in healthy animal
  4. Pathogen Is re-isolated and same as previous pathogen

Note: Cant be fulfilled for all diseases for you cannot give all the disease to patients.

6
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

Washing hands reduced death rate

Infection Control

7
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Post-surgical Infections reduced by sterilizing

Infection Control

8
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Hospital Cleanliness prevented infections

Infection Control

9
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Cowpox treated smallpox

biological and chemical methods to control diseases

10
Q

P.Erlich / A.Fleming

A

Certain chemicals kill microbes w/o dmging human host

biological and chemical methods to control diseases

11
Q

Human Microbiome

A

All microorganisms found in/on human body (mostly intestinal microbiome)

12
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Genetic Material not enclosed by a membrane

Bacteria

13
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Internal membrane-bound structures

Fungi, Algae, Parasites (protozoa, helminths)

14
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

All Eukaryotic

15
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

Prokaryotic (human diseases and normal environments)

16
Q

Domain Archaea

A

Prokaryotic (Extreme environments and don’t cause disease)

17
Q

Naming Bacteria

A

Genus name + Species Name

Strain name: Used to tell the difference between bacteria with the same genus and strain name

Related groups = Taxonomic Tree

18
Q

Light Microscope

A

Bacterial shape, size, arrangement

Bacteria must be stained

19
Q

Electron Microscope

A

Special structures and smallest microbes (viruses)

20
Q

Gram Stain (Hans Christian Gram)

A

Most important stain

Gram positive vs Gram Negative
The first step in identifying an unknown bacteria

21
Q

Acid Fast Stain

A

Stained/ De-stained/ Remains stained = Acid Fast

Stained/ De-stained/ New Stain = Non Acid fast