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Core Phys Pharm > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

INTRO

1
Q

Cell membrane composition

A

55% protein
42% lipid
3% carbohydrates

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2
Q

Cell Membrane function

A

Acts to divide the intracellular and extracellular compartments

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3
Q

Na+ composition

A

High extracellularly

Low intracellularly

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4
Q

K+ composition

A

High Intracellularly

Low Extracellularly

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5
Q

Ca2+ Composition

A

Low intracellular (1mm)
Low extracellularly
Driving force for Ca2+ influx

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6
Q

HCO3-

A

Acts to buffer against pH changes

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7
Q

Cl- composition

A

Low intracellularly
Driving force for influx of Cl-
Chloride-secreting cells have high intracellular Cl-

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8
Q

PO4 2- Composition

A

High intracellularly

Required for ATP

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9
Q

Lipid soluble molecule transport

A

Move by diffusion

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10
Q

Small molecules and ions transport

A

Transport proteins

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11
Q

Large molecules transport

A

Endocytosis

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12
Q

Active transport

A

Absence of/against electrochemical gradients
Uses pumps
Low turnover - <100 events per second

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13
Q

Electrochemical gradient

A

The concentration and the electrical potential gradient

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14
Q

Passive transport

A 
Following electrochemical gradient
Includes diffusion and electro-diffusion
High turnover 10^2/10^3 events er second
highly selective
Can become situated
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15
Q

Symporters

A

Two solutes moved in the same direction

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16
Q

Uniporters

A

One solute in one direction

17
Q

Antiporters

A

Two solutes in opposite direction

18
Q

Carrier mechanism

A

Binding of solute to the highly selective site
Conformational change
Causes release of the solute to the other side

19
Q

Carrier detail

A

Can become saturated

20
Q

Na+/K+ ATPase

A 
Ubiquitous
Tetrameric structure
Each subunit encoded by a gene
Electrogenic
Maintains a low Na+ conc. intracellularly
21
Q

Ion channels

A

Open - ions able to flow through central pore
Closed - no net movement of ions
Movement of 106-108 ions per second
Selective and non-selective
More than one ion can be in the pore at any one time

22
Q

Describe the Patch Clamp Technique

A

Directly measures a small current through an ion channel
Cell attached
Pipette sealed to membrane forming a gigaseal
Allows recording of currents through 1 or a few ion channels
Voltage clamp - pulses of suction to rupture the membrane and electrode can now measure flow across the membrane
Can be used to measure cation currents

23
Q

Total current for a population of channels equation

A

I= NxP0XgX(Vm-Ei)

24
Q

I in calc

A

Total current carried by population channels

25
Q

N in calc

A

Number of channels (can be regulated by membrane shuttling)

26
Q

P0 in calc

A

Open probability
How often the channel is open, can be between 0-1
(0=never, 1=always)

27
Q

g in calc

A

Single channel constant

Constant - number of ions moving in the pore

28
Q

Vm in calc

A

Membrane potential

29
Q

Ei in calc

A

Equilibrium potential for the ion

30
Q

(Vm-Ei) in calc

A

Driving force

Bigger the gap=bigger the driving force

31
Q

Molecular families

A

Many variations throughout the body

So defective channels in one place would not cause presence of defective channels in every part of the body

32
Q

Kv

A

6 transmembrane domains
4th transmembrane domain is positive
Both N and C terminals inside of the cell

33
Q

Nav

A 
3 subunits a1 B1 B2
24 transmembrane domains (a1)
TM domains (B1 B2)
34
Q

Kir

A

IR = inwardly rectifying

2 transmembrane domains

35
Q

CFTR

A

Cl- channel
12 TM domains
2 groups of 6

36
Q

K+ channel crystal structure

A

KcsA is a bacterial K+ channel - homologous Kir mammalian family
X-ray diffraction analysis shows more than one K+ ion in the pore at any one time

Core Phys Pharm (10 decks)

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