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Equine Reproduction > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

List the unique features of a mare ovary

A
  • “inside out”
  • Ovulation occurs only from the ovulation fossa
  • Follicles can be palpated but no a CL
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2
Q

What cycle does the mare have

A

Seasonally polyesters

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3
Q

Puberty of mare

A

14 months

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4
Q

Puberty of stallion

A

18 months

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5
Q

Average oestrous cycle

A

21 - 22 days

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6
Q

Average oestrus

A

7 days

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7
Q

Length of diestrus

A

14-16 days

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8
Q

Timing of ovulation

A

1-2 days before the end of oestrus

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9
Q

Ovulatory follicle diameter

A

35-70mm

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10
Q

How may waves of follicular development per cycle

A

1-2

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11
Q

When is PGF2a released

A

13-16 days post ovulation

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12
Q

When is breeding season in the Southern Hemisphere

A

sep - march

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13
Q

When is breeding season in the northern hemisphere

A

April - oct

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14
Q

What are the physiological changes associated with seasonality in mares

A

Increased day length -> Increased GnRH -> increased FSH secretion -> Initiation of follicle development -> follicles secrete little oestrogen -> little LH secretion -> follicles fail to ovulate -> normal follicle develops -> this follicle able to secrete sufficient oestrogen to stimulate an LH surge -> ovulation occurs

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15
Q

What in vernal transition (Autumn or Spring transition)

A

Transition from anoestrus to undergoing regular oestrous cycles, or transition from undergoing regular cycles to anoestrus
They transition from anoestrus to cycling they often shed in winter

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16
Q

Ventral transition: when do follicles not ovulate

A

During the transitional period

17
Q

What are the signs used to stage the oestrous cycle

A
  1. Behaviour
  2. Characteristics of the cervix
  3. Characteristics of the ovary
  4. Characteristics of the uterus
18
Q

What is the teasing score

A

Should be recorded during the breeding season to assist with breeding management

19
Q

Number the teasing scores and their meaning

A

0 - non-receptivity (ears back, kicks at stallion, moves away)
1 - mare is passive (no signs of oestrus but doesn’t kick, common in winter anoestrus
2- mare stands, but may be restless; winks without urinating
3 - mare stands, lifts tail, shows interest in stallion, winks and immediately passes small amount of urine
4 - as for 3, but mare also squats and urinates in continuous stream

20
Q

What does the cervix feel like in dieostrus

A

Firm, tubular

21
Q

What does the cervix feel like in oestrus

A

Progressively softer

22
Q

What does the cervix feel like close to ovulation

A

Soft, wide or barely palpable close to ovulation

23
Q

Score 1 of the cervix

A

High, dry, tight (dioestrus)

24
Q

Score 2 of the cervix

A

Drooping ( early oestrus)

25
Q

Score 3 of the cervix

A

Hanging - dorsal and ventral surfaces soft and extend towards vagina, dorsal surge not fully flat or in contact with vagina

26
Q

Score 4 of the cervix

A

Lying - dorsal and ventral surfaces of cervix tent to lie flat on the floor of the vagina

27
Q

What size are the ovaries

A

> 35mm

28
Q

How to detect a soft follicle

A

by palpation and associated with flattening of wall of follicle with apposition of ultrasound probe

29
Q

What is the uterus tone in oestrus

A

More flaccid, oedematous

30
Q

what is the uterus tone in dioestrus

A

Increased in tone and feels more tubular

31
Q

What is the uterus echogenicity in oestrus

A

Presence of oedema

32
Q

What is the uterus echogenicity in dioestrus

A

Uniform echogenicity

33
Q

What is the oedema score

A

0 - none
1 - slight. small amount of oedema detectable
2 - moderate oedema throughout the uterus
3 - Heavy. Obvious oedema through the uterus - may indicate heavy uterine infection

Equine Reproduction (2 decks)

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