Lecture 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Name the 4 major types of tissues that compose the body and there definition with an example of each
Epithelial tissue = Covers body surfaces, hollow organs, body cavities, ducts and forms glands -> Epidermis
Connective tissue = Protects and supports the body + organs -> Fascia
Muscle tissue = Provides movement and generation of force -> Biceps
Nervous tissue = initiates and transmits nerve impulses (signals) that help control and coordinate body activities -> Brain
Name some of the major functions of bone tissue and the skeletal system (5 total)
- support and protection
- movement
- mineral storage and release
- site of hemopoiesis, occurs in red marrow
- strage of energy (lipid storage) in yellow marrow
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue with caracteristiques
Skeletal muscle : striated, voluntary, moves bones and in some cases skin and other soft tissues
Cardiac muscle : striated, involuntary
Smooth muscle : non-striated, involuntary
Name some of the major functions of muscle tissue (4 total)
- Movement of body parts or substances within the body
- Maintenance of posture
- Joint stabilization
- Heat generation
Explain the anatomical position (5 lines)
- Person stands upright
- Upper limbs at sides, palms face anteriorly
- Thumbspointed away from the body
- Feet flat on the floor, toes point forward
- Head and eyes directed straight ahead
Name the 3 reference planes
- Sagital
- Frontal
- Transverse
Name the 5 types of reference directions
- Anterior _ Posterior
- Superior _ Inferior
- Medial _ Lateral
- Proximal _ Distal
- Superficial _ Deep
Name the 3 types of joints by function
- Synarthroses = Immovable joints
- Amphiarthroses = Slightly movable
- Diarthroses = Freely movable
Name the types of joints by structure
- Fibrous joint (suture, syndesmosis)
- Cartilaginous (synchondrosis, symphysis)
- Synovial
Name the 2 fibrous joints
- Suture = bones are tightly bound by very small amount of fibrous tissue, only between bones of the skull
- Syndesmosis = bones are connected by longer bands of fibrous tissues, ex : between radius and ulna. Less movement because te connecting fibres are short
name the 2 cartilaginous joints
- Synchondrosis : Hyaline cartilage connects the bones (immobile), ex : 1st ribs cartilage and manubrium
- Symphysis : Fibrocartilage connects 2 bones, ex : symphysis pubis
Name the 5 componets of all synovial joints and explain briefly what a synovial joint is
Synovial joints are the most movable joints in the human body (diarthroses)
- Articular cartilage = on the ends of articulating bones
- Joint cavity = holds synovial fluid
- Articular capsule = encloses join cavity
- Synovial fluid = viscous fluid
- Ligaments = reinforces the join
Explain some of the movements at synovial joints
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Circumduction = 1,2,3,4 together (circle)
- Rotation
- Gliding
- Etc…
T or F, Muscles are attached to bones by tendons
True
The 3 general rules of muscles and their function?
- Muscle has to cross the joint in order to produce movement at that joint
- Muscles shorten when they contract
- Muscles cannot push, only pull
Muscles can function as 4 different groups. What are they?
- Prime movers/Agonists = responsible of a specific movement
- Antagonists = opposite movement
- Synergists = works together
- Fixators = holds firmly in place
What is another term for the sternum
Breastbone
There are how many ribs and thoracic vertabraes
12 and 12
How many parts does the sternum have? Name them.
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid process
T or F, normaly there are 12 pairs of ribs?
True
Whats the difference between Typical ribs (ribs # 2-10) and Atypical ribs (ribs # 1, 11, 12)?
the difference between the 2 is that typical ribs attaches to the body of the vertebra of the same number and the body of the vertebra above. Atypical ribs only attaches to the vertabra of the same number
Which ribs consist the true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs?
True ribs = Ribs 1-7 attach anteriorly to the sternum through cartilages
False ribs = Ribs 8-10 do not join sternum directly but are connected to 7th rib through cartilage
Floating ribs = Ribs 11 and 12 do not attach to the sternum
Able to identify all parts of a thoracic vertabrae
Each typical rib attaches to the?
- Posteriorly, bodies of 2 vertebra and the transvers process of corresponding vertebra
- Anteriorly, to the sternum
