Lecture 1: Cells, Tissue and Body Organisation

Question 1

What does the microscope term ‘Magnification’ refer to?

Answer 1

The microscopes power to increase an objects apparent size

Question 2

What are the 3 components of The Cell Theory?

Answer 2

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells
2. Cells are organisms’ basic structural and functional units
3. Cells come only from pre-existing cells

Question 3

What are the Major Structures/Organelles of a Cell?

Answer 3

Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Microfilaments, Peroxisomes, Centromeres, Microtubules, Chromatin, Cytoplasm, Cilia, Villi, Microvilli

Question 4

What makes up a Cell Membrane?

Answer 4

Phospholipid Bilayer, Proteins

Question 5

Is the ‘Head’ of the Phospholipid Bilayer Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic?

Answer 5

Hydrophilic

Question 6

Is the ‘Tail’ of the Phospholipid Bilayer Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic?

Answer 6

Hydrophobic

Question 7

What is the role of the Cell Membrane?

Answer 7

Regulate movement in/out of the cell

Question 8

What are the 4 categories of Tissue?

Answer 8

Epithelium
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 9

What are the three types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

Squamous, Cuboidal and Columnar

Question 10

What characteristic does Squamous epithelium have?

Answer 10

flat

Question 11

What characteristic does cuboidal epithelium have?

Answer 11

Square shaped

Question 12

what characteristic does columnar epithelium have?

Answer 12

Elongated/rectangular

Question 13

What are the Three layer terms for epithelium?

Answer 13

Simple, Stratified and Pseudostratified

Question 14

what is simple epithelium?

Answer 14

one layer of cells

Question 15

what is stratified epithelium?

Answer 15

more than one layer of cells

Question 16

what is psuedostratified epithelium?

Answer 16

one layer of cells that look like more than one layer due to nuclei not lining up

Question 17

what are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 17

skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Question 18

what are the 4 main cavities of the torso?

Answer 18

Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis and Spinal

Question 19

what plane passes through the middle of the body anterior-posteriorly?

Answer 19

mid-sagittal plane

Question 20

what plane passes through the body anterior-posterior that is not median?

Answer 20

sagittal

Question 21

what plane passes through the body from side to side?

Answer 21

coronal

Question 22

what plane is through the body horizontally?

Answer 22

transverse

Question 23

what plane is angled?

Answer 23

oblique

Question 24

what does the term anterior mean?

Answer 24

the front side of the body in anatomical position

Question 25

what does the term posterior mean?

Answer 25

the back side of the body in anatomical position

Question 26

what does the term superior mean?

Answer 26

above

Question 27

what does the term inferior mean?

Answer 27

below

Question 28

what does the term medial mean?

Answer 28

towards the middle of the body

Question 29

what does the term lateral mean?

Answer 29

towards the outer of the body

Question 30

what does the term proximal mean?

Answer 30

closer to the body

Question 31

what does the term distal mean?

Answer 31

away from the body

Question 32

what does the term caudal mean?

Answer 32

towards the feet of the body

Question 33

what does the term cranial mean?

Answer 33

towards the head of the body

Question 34

what does the term deep mean?

Answer 34

closer to the interior centre of the body

Question 35

what does the term superficial mean?

Answer 35

closer to the skin of the body

Question 36

what does the term elevation mean?

Answer 36

movement in a superior direction

Question 37

what does the term depression mean?

Answer 37

movement in an inferior direction

Question 38

what does the term protraction mean?

Answer 38

movement of a body part forward on the coronal plane

Question 39

what does the term retraction mean?

Answer 39

moving a body part backwards on the coronal plane

Question 40

what does the term abduction mean?

Answer 40

motion away from the midline of the body

Question 41

what does the term adduction mean?

Answer 41

motion towards the midline of the body

Question 42

what does the term supination mean?

Answer 42

rotation of the radioulnar joint so that the palm is facing downwards

Question 43

what does the term pronation mean?

Answer 43

rotation of the radioulnar joint so that the palm is facing upwards

Question 44

what does the term flexion mean?

Answer 44

decreasing a joint angle

Question 45

what does the term extension mean?

Answer 45

increasing a joint angle

Question 46

what are the 4 main components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 46

Heart, Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

Question 47

what are the 5 main components of the respiratory system?

Answer 47

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Trachea, Lungs and Bronchial Tree

Question 48

what are the 3 main components of the nervous system?

Answer 48

Brain, Spinal cord and Nerves

Question 49

what are the 3 main components of the Integumentary system?

Answer 49

Skin, Hair and Nails

Question 50

what are the 5 components of the gastrointestinal system?

Answer 50

Oral cavity, Teeth, Oesophagus, Stomach and Intestines

Question 51

what are the 4 components of the renal system?

Answer 51

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder and Urethra