Lecture 1. Evolution Genetics Experience Flashcards
The gradual development of something, especially
from a simple to a more complex form.
Evolution
Modern biology began in
1859
What did Charles Darwin publish?
Origin of Species
Darwin’s book introduced?
the scientific theory that
populations evolve over the course of generations
through a process of natural selection.
Darwin’s Evidences
(1) The evolution of fossil records through progressively
more recent geological layers.
(2) Striking structural similarities among living species
(e.g., a human’s hand, a bird’s wing, and a cat’s
paw), which suggested that they had evolved from
common ancestors.
(3) He pointed to the major changes that had been
brought about in domestic plants and animals by
programs of selective breeding.
most convincing evidence of evolution
comes from direct
observations of rapid evolution in progress
Organism that are more adapted to their
environment are more likely to survive and pass on
the genes that aided their success.
Natural Selection
the ability of an organism to survive and contribute
its genes to the next generation.
Fitness
2 Types in Evolution and Behaviour
Social Dominance and Courtship Display
situations in which an “individual or a group
control or dictates others’ behavior, primarily in
competitive situations”.
Social Dominance
How male species establish a stable hierarchy of social dominance?
through
combative encounters with other males
An intricate series of courtship displays
precedes copulation in many species. The male
approaches the female and signals his interest.
Courtship Display
Chordates are animals with dorsal
nerve cords.
Vertebrates
e.g., frogs, toads, and
salamanders) in their larval form
must live in the water; only adult
amphibians can survive on land.
Amphibians
The first vertebrates to lay shell-covered eggs and to be covered by
dry scales.
Reptiles
