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neurobiology > Lecture 1: General Map of Nervous Systems > Flashcards

Lecture 1: General Map of Nervous Systems Flashcards

1
Q

PNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. T/F

A

False; CNS

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2
Q

Functional components of the PNS:

A

sensory:
somatic/visceral

motor:
somatic: skeletal muscles
visceral: cardiac/smooth muscle/glands

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3
Q

The voluntary nervous system, wall of cavities, and limb:

A

somatic

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4
Q

Visceral is a primarily regulated by _______ nervous system and is a component of the PNS.

A

autonomic (ANS)

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5
Q

Which visceral organs invade into somatic wall?

A

sweat glands, erector pili, blood vessels

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6
Q

What is the difference in motor systems: somatic vs visceral

A

somatic motor: 1 cell system, cell body in the CNS
visceral motor: 2 cell system, 1st cell body in CNS (nucleus), 2nd cell body in ganglia of PNS (ganglion)

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7
Q

Explain the functional units of the CNS:

A

Functional unit: neuron
-Soma (cell body) 1, synthesizing functions
-Dendrite(s): 0 to numerous extensions from soma
-Axons: 1 with multiple terminals (can be over 500)

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8
Q

What is the hillock?

A

connecting part with soma
conducting electric signals from body to terminals

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9
Q

What are the supporting units of the CNS called?
What makes up the supportive units of the CNS: (4)

A

Glia

Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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10
Q

DO NOT conduct nerve impulses; support, nourish and protect neurons ________

A

glia

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11
Q

In the PNS the dorsal root ganglion can have _______ axons
Visceral motor ganglonic neurons still _______

A

2
multipolar

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12
Q

What are the cluster of neurons cell bodies in the CNS _______

A

nucleus

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13
Q

What are the cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS _______

A

ganglion

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14
Q

How do Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes?

A

Schwann cells only wrap around a single axon

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15
Q

What are the 3 germ layers during embryonic development?

A

Ectoderm -outside
Mesoderm -between
Endoderm -inside

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16
Q

in the mesoderm, the notochord degenerates into the _______
the somites become ____(3) and expand dorsally to form ______

A

vertebral column
muscles/bones/dermis
nervous system by ectoderm

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17
Q

Neural tube becomes the _______ nervous system

A

central

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18
Q

What development does the cranial neural pore closes for?
No closure of cranial neural pore results in?

A

brain
anencephaly

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19
Q

What development does the caudal neural pore closes for?
No closure of caudal neural pore results in?

A

spinal cord
spinal bifida

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20
Q

The neural crest migrates into whole embryo forming the ________ nervous system

A

peripheral

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21
Q

What are the 3 major vesicles formed after cranial neuropore closure?

A

Prosencephalon: forebrain
Mesencephalon: midbrain
Rhombencephalon: hindbrain

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22
Q

The optic vesicle: retina, CN II is located in the ____________which is a part of the ____________

A

diencephalon; prosencephalon/forebrain

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23
Q

How many cell bodies, dendrites, and axons can a neuron have?
-soma
-dendrite
-axon

A

soma/cell body: 1
dendrite: 0 to numerous
axon: 1 w/multiple terminals

24
Q

FAT is white in a T1 or T2 image?

A

T1 (FAT1)

25
Q

List the view of the brain A-D

A

Inferior view
Superior view
Right lateral view
Left lateral view

26
Q

Ridge of the Cotrex:
Grooves between gyri:

A

gyrus/gyri
sulcus/sulci

27
Q

List the brain structures A-F:

A

A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D.Temporal lobe
E. Brainstem
F. Cerebellum

28
Q

MRI or CT?
T1 or T2 image?

A

MRI
T2: both fat and water are white (WW2)

29
Q

Precentral gyrus vs. Postcentral gyrus:
pre: primary______cortex ; post: primary _____ cortex

A

pre: primary motor cortex (M1) ; post: primary sensory cortex (S1)

30
Q

Precentral gyrus: M1 contains which sulci?

A

cingulate sulcus
central sulcus

31
Q

Postcentral gyrus: S1 contains which sulci?

A

lateral sulcus

32
Q

Primary auditory cortex (A1) contains which sulci?

A

parietaloccipital sulcus
preoccipital notch

33
Q

Primary visual cortex (V1) contains which sulcus?

A

Calcarine sulcus

34
Q

Where are the somata and dendrites of neurons located?

A

gray matter

35
Q

White matter consists of ____________ mixed with ____________ _______ bundles.

A

myelinated; unmyelinated axonal

36
Q

What fibers in the white matter are unique and why?

A

Long fibers: interlobar fibers
-they connect from the post. occipital lobe –> frontal lobe
-other fibers stay within the same lobe

37
Q

Axonal bundles to communicate with other structures:

A

efferent

38
Q

Axonal bundles from other structures:

A

afferent

39
Q

Lateralization means:
L hemi function:
R hemi function:

A

symmetrical structurally but different functionally
L: language, understand, and express
R: spatial orientation, emotion and prosody of language

40
Q

What are the 6 components of the basal nuclei?
Which 2 components are not a part of the telencephalon?

A

caudate
nucleus accumbens
putamen
global pallidus
subthalamic nucleus
substania nigra

41
Q

What 4 components make up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalmus
Subthalamus

42
Q

_____ forms lateral wall of lateral ventricle
______ forms lateral wall of 3rd ventricle
______ forms anterolateral wall of 3rd ventricle

A

caudate
thalamus
hypothalamus

43
Q

Where is the origination of CN II optic n. located?

A

diencephalon

44
Q

What are the functions of pre and postcentral gyri?

A

pre-motor
post- sensory

45
Q

What location in the midbrain does CN III arise from __________

A

superior colliculus

46
Q

What location in the midbrain does CN IV arise from _______

A

inferior colliculus

47
Q

What part of the brain do MOST projection fibers end?

A

Pons

48
Q

What 4 CN nerves are located in are located in the pons/pontomedullary junction

A

CN V, trigeminal*
CN VI, abducens
CN VII, facial
CN VIII, vestibulocochlear

49
Q

What is the only cranial n. attaching posterior brain stem?

A

CN IV, trochlear

50
Q

CN _______ comes off the pyramid and CN ________ & _______ come off the olive.

A

CN XII, hypoglossal; CN IX, glossopharyngeal, CN X, vagus

51
Q

A patient complains of right lower limb paresthesias and weakness after stroke. Which brain structure is impaired?

A

Left hemisphere

52
Q

Where is the attachment of CN XI, spinal accessory

A

spinal cord

53
Q

The cerebellum is the floor of the 4th ventricle. T or F?

A

False; roof

54
Q

Hindbrain contains which structures?

A

cerebellum, pons & medulla

55
Q

What is the structure indicated by x

A

thalamus

56
Q

CT or MRI scan? Section plane? Which cerebral lobe is indicated by the “X”

A

CT; coronal plane; L frontal lobe

neurobiology (15 decks)

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