Lecture 1:Group processes

Question 1

Entitativity

Answer 1

a collection of persons who are perceived to be bonded together to some level

low: a mere collection of people (random collection)
high: shared goals and outcomes (eg people in a sports team)
* perception of a group as a pure entity

Question 2

Taxonomy of entitativity

Answer 2

*Lickell et al 2000
Effect of presence of others on individual performance
Effect of task groups on team/group performance

Question 3

Social facilitation

Answer 3

=effect upon performance due to presence of others

-presence improves when individual is good at a task, interferes when they’re not

Question 4

Drive theory

Zajonc 1965

Answer 4

Zajonc 1965

Question 5

Social loafing

Answer 5

=reduction in effort when individuals work in groups compared to alone

• diffusion of responsibility
• individual difference: individualist/collectivist cultures

Question 6

Collective effort model

Answer 6

Karau & Williams 1993
ways to reduce self-loafing 
-evaluation
-smaller groups 
-meaningful tasks
-undermine expectancy of fellow workers to perform poorly