lecture 1 - head & neck 1

Question 1

What is the name for the area where the frontal, temporal, sphenoid and parietal bones meet?

Answer 1

The pterion

Question 2

Which vessel lies beneath the pterion?

Answer 2

Middle Meningeal Artery

Question 3

Which structures exit the skull via the foramina of the cribriform plate?

Answer 3

Olfactory nerve bundles

Question 4

Which structures exit the skull via the optic canal?

Answer 4

Optic nerve, ophthalmic artery

Question 5

Which structures exit the skull via the foramen rotundum?

Answer 5

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Question 6

Which structures exit the skull via the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

Answer 6

Facial nerve, Vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 7

Which structures exit the skull via the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 7

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 8

Which structures exit the skull via the jugular foramen?

Answer 8

Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus

Question 9

Which structures exit the skull via the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 9

Oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, ophthalmic nerve branches (lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary)

Question 10

Which structures exit the skull via the foramen ovale?

Answer 10

mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 11

Which structures exit the skull via the Foramen Spinosum?

Answer 11

Middle meningeal artery & vein

Question 12

What is the function of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 12

Closes eyelids

Question 13

What is the function of orbicularis oris?

Answer 13

Compresses and protrudes lips (whistling/kissing expression)

Question 14

What is the function of buccinator?

Answer 14

Presses cheek against molar teeth to aid in chewing, and provides tension to the cheeks

Question 15

What is the function of occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 15

Elevates eyebrows/wrinkles forehead

Question 16

What is the function of platysma?

Answer 16

Depress lower lip, tense skin

Question 17

Where does the facial nerve pass after leaving the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 17

Enters the parotid gland

Question 18

What are the 2 initial branches given off by the facial nerve when it exits the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 18

Posterior auricular nerve, branhc for digastric and stylohyoid muscles

Question 19

Which major facial muscle does the parotid gland lie superficial to?

Answer 19

The masseter muscle

Question 20

Which muscle does the parotid duct penetrate?

Answer 20

Buccinator

Question 21

Which vein drains the parotid gland?

Answer 21

Retromandibular

Question 22

What is the major artery that gives of branches that supply the majority of the face?

Answer 22

External carotid artery

Question 23

Which vein do the majority of the veins of the face drain into?

Answer 23

Internal jugular vein

Question 24

What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery, from proximal to distal?

Answer 24

Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, maxillary

Question 25

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 25

Maxillary, superficial temporal

Question 26

What are some of the distal branches of the facial artery?

Answer 26

Inferior and superior labial arteries, lateral nasal artery, angular artery

Question 27

Which artery does the ophthalmic artery arise from?

Answer 27

The internal carotid artery

Question 28

What are the 2 terminal branches of the opthalmic artery?

Answer 28

Supratrochlear, infratrochlear

Question 29

Where does the facial vein communicate with the opthalmic veins?

Answer 29

The medial canthus and pterygoid plexus

Question 30

When the ophthalmic veins pass through the superior orbital fissure, where do they drain?

Answer 30

The cavernous sinus

Question 31

Which muscle does the pterygoid plexus surround?

Answer 31

The lateral pterygoid

Question 32

How does the pterygoid plexus communicate with the cavernous sinus?

Answer 32

Via emissary veins passing through the foramen ovale

Question 33

What are the 3 divisions of the ophthalmic nerve?

Answer 33

Frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary

Question 34

What does the lacrimal nerve supply?

Answer 34

Sensation to the lateral skin & conjunctiva of the upper eyelid (lacrimal gland excretion itself controlled by facial nerve)

Question 35

What does the frontal nerve of the eye ultimately supply?

Answer 35

The upper eyelid, forehead and scalp, via the supraorbital nerve & supratrochlear nerve

Question 36

What does the nasociliary nerve supply?

Answer 36

Sensation of eye, skin of dorsum of the nose

Question 37

Where does the maxillary nerve enter after passing through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 37

The pterygopalatine fossa

Question 38

What nerve of the maxillary division emerges onto the face?

Answer 38

The infraorbital nerve, via the infraorbital foramen

Question 39

What does the maxillary nerve supply?

Answer 39

Sensation to lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip

Question 40

What does the zygomatic nerve supply?

Answer 40

Sensation of the skin over the zygomatic bone

Question 41

What is the motor supply of the mandibular nerve (V3)?

Answer 41

Muscles of mastication

Question 42

What are the 2 terminal branches of the mandibular nerve?

Answer 42

Posterior branch, anterior branch

Question 43

What does the anterior branch of the mandibular nerve supply?

Answer 43

All motor except 1: muscles of mastication, sensation of cheek skin and vestibular gum (via buccal nerve)

Question 44

What does the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve supply?

Answer 44

All sensory except 1: Branches to lower face skin & temporal region, mylohyoid muscle

Question 45

What nerves are given off by the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve?

Answer 45

auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, mylohyoid nerve

Question 46

What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?

Answer 46

Sensation to skin in the temporal region

Question 47

What does the buccal nerve supply?

Answer 47

Sensation to cheek

Question 48

What does the mental nerve supply?

Answer 48

Sensation to chin and lower lip

Question 49

What spinal nerves make up the cervical plexus?

Answer 49

C1-C4